This handbook investigates ‘member-owned’ organizations, whether consumer co-operatives, agricultural and producer co-operatives, worker co-operatives, mutual building societies, friendly societies, credit unions, solidarity organizations, mutual insurance companies, or employee-owned companies. Such organizations can be owned by the consumers, producers, or employees—whether through single-stakeholder or multi-stakeholder ownership. ‘Employee-owned’ business means businesses where a significant proportion of the company is owned by its employees, whether as individual shareholders or through a trust, or some combination of the two; ‘significant’ is generally taken as at least 25 per cent. This complex set of organizations is named differently across countries: from ‘mutuals’ in the United Kingdom, to ‘solidarity co-operatives’ in Latin America. In some countries, such organizations are not officially recognized. For the sake of clarity, the handbook will refer to member-owned organizations to encompass the variety of non-investor-owned organizations, and in the national case-study chapters the terms used will be those most widely employed in that country. These alternative corporate forms have emerged in a variety of economic sectors in almost all advanced economies since the time of the Industrial Revolution and the development of capitalism, through the subsequent creation and dominance of the limited liability company. Until recently, these organizations were generally regarded as a rather marginal component of the economy. However, in recent years, they have come to be seen in some countries as potentially attractive in light of their ability to tackle various economic and social concerns, and their relative resilience during the financial and economic crises of 2007–2016.
Agricultural Co-operatives: a struggle for identity
Samira Nuhanovic Ribic, Ermanno Tortia, Vladislav Valentinov
págs. 158-170
Social and Solidarity Co-operatives: an international perspective
págs. 171-183
págs. 3-13
págs. 14-26
págs. 27-38
págs. 39-52
Co-operation as co-ordination mechanism: A new approach to the economics of co-operative enterprises
págs. 55-75
págs. 76-94
págs. 97-113
págs. 114-128
Worker co-operatives: good, sustainable jobs in the community
págs. 131-144
págs. 145-157
Community co-operatives and co-operatives providing public services: facts and prospects
págs. 184-194
págs. 195-208
págs. 211-226
págs. 227-245
págs. 246-260
Are co-operatives small?: Evidence from the world co-operative monitor
págs. 261-276
págs. 279-294
Moving Towards 100% Employee Ownership Through ESOPs: added complexities in add-on transactions
págs. 295-307
págs. 308-320
págs. 321-334
págs. 335-347
Developing and Sustaining Communities: the role of co-operatives
págs. 348-360
Shared Capitalism in the USA: evaluation and future policies
págs. 361-373
págs. 373-385
págs. 386-397
Raiffeisenbanks and Volksbanks for Europe: the case for co-operative banking in Germany
págs. 398-411
págs. 412-425
págs. 426-442
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