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Mediterranean farming systems and the climate crisis : impacts, contradictions and adaptation challenges. From land structures to territory: Book of abstracts of XIVth International Seminar of FONCIMED Network, Baeza, Spain, 9-11 October, 2024

Imagen de portada del libro Mediterranean farming systems and the climate crisis : impacts, contradictions and adaptation challenges. From land structures to territory

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  • This book of abstracts contains all the presented papers at the XIV FONCIMED Seminar, during 9-11 October 2024, held in the Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, Baeza, Spain. Organized by: FONCIMED International Research Network. In association with: Grupo de Investigación PAYTEMAL (Paisaje y Territorio en España, Europa Mediterránea y América Latina); Universidad de Santiago de Compostela – USC; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – UAM; Universidad Internacional de Andalucía – UNIA; Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement, France – INRAE.

    Mediterranean farming and forestry systems, whether agriculture, livestock farming or forestry, are particularly sensitive and vulnerable to the effects of the climate crisis. In midlatitude Mediterranean landscapes, climate change is leading to an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme weather phenomena, in particular intense and prolonged droughts and torrential rainfall. It is also generating a marked increase in average temperatures, with recurrent heatwaves during the shoulder seasons, particularly in spring, which have a considerable impact on the biological cycle of natural and cultivated species.

    In this context, despite the Mediterranean region's exposure to climate change, a number of factors are exacerbating its vulnerability. One of the paradoxes is that the Mediterranean agrosystems that are most resilient to climatic constraints, particularly dryland crops such as olive groves, vineyards and almond orchards, have in recent decades opted for intensive irrigated models that are vulnerable to water stress. Moreover, the spatial development of these productions, their cultivation methods and the major hydraulic works they require (up to and including dams) are transforming inherited soils and landscapes and increasing water deficits at the level of river basins. Intensification thus contributes to global change, while increasing agricultural and regional vulnerability to it. Added to this is the recent spread along the Mediterranean coast of crops typical of tropical agroclimates, which benefit from the thermal potential of more southerly coastal plains, at the cost of considerable pressure on already scarce water resources.

    It is therefore important to understand how Mediterranean agrarian systems are changing in the face of the climate crisis, not only to assess the impacts and contradictions, but also to discuss the underlying challenges of adaptation at the level of farms, land structures, agrosystems, rural territories and regions. For example, these intensification strategies are reflected in land strategies that call into question small family structures (the new players on the land market are highly endowed with capital).

    The XIV FONCIMED Seminar is designed as a scientific and expert forum to promote reflection on the sustainability of land tenure systems in Mediterranean agriculture. It gave the opportunity to share research work and experiences on the impacts and adaptation strategies of Mediterranean farming systems in the face of climate change, based on their plurality and their agro-ecological, socio-economic and cultural diversity. Particular emphasis was placed on the local knowledge and practices and collective resources used by farmers to adapt and sometimes mitigate the effects of the climate crisis. In terms of adaptation strategies, innovative approaches based on agricultural resilience and crop diversification, and the sustainable management of natural and land resources are of particular interest (water, soil and land, landscapes, but also agro-biodiversity, the conservation of agri-food heritage, and social innovation in terms of local food provisioning, etc.). Work is also expected on policies for adapting Mediterranean agrosystems at the various levels of intervention in Mediterranean territories, from European to regional or local.

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