Juana de Vega, Concepción Arenal e Emilia Pardo Bazán: converxencias e diverxencias

• Autores: Xosé Ramón Veiga
• Localización: La Tribuna: cadernos de estudios da Casa Museo Emilia Pardo Bazán, ISSN 1697-0810, Nº. 18, 2023, págs. 15-36
• Idioma: portugués
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• Resumen
  • English

    It is not easy to find an explanation why three figures of the stature of Juana de Vega, Concepción Arenal and Emilia Pardo Bazán have the same Galician origin. Chance and contingency is a resource that can be used, but it is poor as an argument and demonstrates laziness in its very statement. Coming from enlightened families convinced of the need for education, not having male siblings, having private libraries and having parents present in the public sphere and in the world of politics sheds some light on the origins, but does not resolve the question. What it does allow is to reject any version of self-made man (woman in this case) that arise by spontaneous generation and as an extraordinary fruit of subjectivities foreign to the social environment from which they come. In contexts marked by patriarchal domination and the legal marginalization of women, the three had starting blocks that they wanted, were able to, and knew how to take advantage of. Their public presence is resounding and notorious, exceptional in the full meaning of the word, but each in its own way. The article analyzes four specific fields of action (writing, feminism, religion and politics) to try to find similarities and differences between them, and also to delve into the different possibilities of thought and action that are open to women of its condition in a long second half of the 19th century. Far from establishing models or pointing out evolutions marked by a simple and linear chronological passage, what is deduced is the need to attend to the variable interaction between subjectivities and general conditions, between agency and structure, always with an attentive look at the obstacles placed to their actions that derive from evolving frameworks but that remain undaunted by a background of strong misogyny.

  • português

    Non é doado atopar unha explicación a que tres figuras da talla de Juana de Vega, Concepción Arenal e Emilia Pardo Bazán teñan unha común orixe galega. O chou e a continxencia é un recurso do que tirar, mais resulta pobre como argumento e denota vagancia no seu mesmo enunciado. Proceder de familias ilustradas convencidas do imprescindíbel da educación, non ter irmáns varóns, dispor de bibliotecas privadas e contar con figuras paternas presentes na esfera pública e no mundo da política achega algo de luz ás orixes, mais en absoluto resolve a interrogante. O que si permite é desbotar calquera versión de self made man (woman neste caso) que xorden por xeración espontánea e como froito extraordinario de subxectividades alleas á contorna social de partida. En contextos marcados polo dominio patriarcal e pola marxinación legal da muller, as tres dispuxeron de tacos de saída que quixeron, puideron e souberon aproveitar. Súa presencia pública foi rotunda e notoria, excepcional na plena acepción da palabra, mais cada unha ao seu xeito. O artigo analiza catro eidos concretos de actuación (a escrita, o feminismo, a relixión e a política) para tentar albiscar semellanzas e diferenzas entre elas, e asemade para afondar nas distintas posibilidades de pensamento e acción abertas ás mulleres da súa condición nunha segunda metade alongada do século XIX. Lonxe de fixar modelos ou de sinalar evolucións marcadas por un simple e lineal devir cronolóxico, o que se impón é a necesidade de atender á interacción variábel entre subxectividade e condicionantes xerais, entre agency e estrutura, sempre cunha ollada atenta aos atrancos postos ao seu quefacer que derivan duns marcos en evolución mais que manteñen teimudos un fondo de forte misoxinia.