The taxonomic status of Neandertals as inferred from aDNA studies is discussed, as well as its possible implications where behavior and the issue of hybridization or admixture with anatomically modern populations are concerned. There are three families of models on the emergence of present day humans and the disappearance of Neander tals: "extinction", "competition" and "absorption". Their main features are also discussed, as well as the extent to which they fit the archeological and paleoantropological records.
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