In their recent drives for full self-determination, separatist actors in Catalonia and Scotlandhave taken for granted their regions’ continued membership of the European Union afterindependence. Is such an assumption warranted? This chapter tries to provide an answerby looking at the arguments put forward by the actors involved and at the relevant literature,especially the legal arguments on the status of a territory seceding from an EUmember state. It highlights the highly political nature of this situation and presents alternativescenarios concerning the two cases. It concludes that, although final outcomeswill depend on the characteristics of each self-determination process, it is likely that aninterim solution preserving at least some core substantive elements of the rights and dutiesattached to EU membership over the territory of these two regions is likely to be agreedupon pending the results of negotiations on a permanent settlement.
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