Incidence and Determinants of COVID-19 Among People Who Smoke (2018–2021): Findings From the ITC EUREST-PLUS Spain Surveys

• Dolors Carnicer Pont ^[1] ; Marcela Fu ^[1] ; Yolanda Castellano ^[1] ; Olena Tigova ^[1] ; Pete Driezen ^[2] ; Anne C.K. Quah ^[2] ; Susan C. Kaai ^[2] ; Joan B. Soriano ^[4] ; Constantine I. Vardavas ^[3] ; Geoffrey T. Fong ^[2] ; Esteve Fernández ^[1]
  1. [1] Institute Catalá Oncología

     Institute Catalá Oncología

     Barcelona, España

     
  2. [2] University of Waterloo

     University of Waterloo

     Canadá

     
  3. [3] University of Crete

     University of Crete

     Dimos Heraklion, Grecia

     
  4. [4] Centre for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

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• Localización: Archivos de bronconeumología: Organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica SEPAR y la Asociación Latinoamericana de Tórax ( ALAT ), ISSN 0300-2896, Vol. 60, Nº. 11, 2024, págs. 690-697
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Objective To estimate the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 and its determinants among a nationally representative sample of adults from Spain who smoke.

    Methods This is a prospective cohort study that uses data from two waves (Wave 2 in 2018 and Wave 3 in 2021) of the ITC EUREST-PLUS Spain Survey. At baseline (Wave 1 in 2016), all respondents were adults (aged ≥18) who smoked. In total, 1008 respondents participated in Wave 2, and 570 out of 888 eligible participants were followed up in Wave 3 (64.2%). We estimated the cumulative incidence and the relative risk of COVID-19 (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) during follow-up using self-reported information on sociodemographic, smoking-related and health-related characteristics and identified associated factors using multivariable Poisson models with robust variance adjusted for the independent variables.

    Results The overall cumulative incidence of self-reported COVID-19 was 5.9% (95% CI: 3.9–8.0%), with no significant differences between males (6.3%; 95% CI: 3.6–9.0%) and females (5.6%; 95% CI: 3.2–8.0%). After adjusting for age, sex, and educational level, COVID-19 incidence was positively associated with moderate nicotine dependence (RR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.04–5.40) and negatively associated with having a partner who smoked (RR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03–0.42), and having friends but not a partner who smoked (RR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.14–0.56).

    Conclusion The correlates of having had COVID-19 among people who smoke should be considered when tailoring information and targeted non-pharmacological preventive measures.