Use of Opioids and Epidural Anaesthesia in Labor Analgesia as Important Risk Factors for Apparent Postpartum Urinary Retention:: A Case-Control Study

• Yuexiang Wu ^[1] ; Jingying Bao ^[1]
  1. [1] Anesthesia Department, Ma’anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 243000 Ma’anshan, Anhui, China
• Localización: Archivos españoles de urología, ISSN 0004-0614, Tomo 77, Nº. 6, 2024, págs. 632-637
• Idioma: español
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• Resumen

  • Background: Labor analgesic interventions, particularly the use of opioids and epidural anaesthesia, have raised concerns regarding their potential impact on postpartum urinary retention (PUR), necessitating a comprehensive investigation into their association with this clinical outcome.

    Methods: This retrospective case-control study analysed clinical data from postpartum patients at our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023. Anaesthetic methods, including opioid and non-opioid drug usage, epidural analgesia and non-use of analgesia, were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was also performed to determine important associations with apparent PUR.

    Results: This study included clinical data from 54 postpartum patients with PUR and 54 without urinary retention. A higher percentage of women with apparent PUR received opioids during labour compared with those without PUR (p = 0.033). Conversely, a lower percentage of women with apparent PUR received non-opioid analgesics compared with those without PUR (p = 0.026). In addition, a higher percentage of women with apparent PUR received epidural analgesia compared with those without PUR (p = 0.041). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that opioid consumption during labour was significantly associated with apparent PUR (odds ratio (OR) = 2.469, p = 0.022). By contrast, non-opioid consumption during labour was inversely associated with apparent PUR (OR = 0.297, 95% CI = 0.123–0.681, p = 0.005). In addition, the use of epidural analgesia during labour showed a remarkable association with apparent PUR (OR = 2.857, 95% CI = 1.289–6.552, p = 0.011).

    Conclusions: Opioid use during labour and the use of epidural analgesia were identified as important risk factors for apparent PUR. These findings emphasise the need for a thoughtful and balanced approach to analgesic management during labour to minimise the risk of PUR in obstetric patients.