Resumen de Mycoplasma pneumoniae bakterioak eragindako infekzioen gorakada Goierri eta Urola Garaian

Nerea Unamuno Aguirregomezcorta, Elene Lejarzegi Anakabe, Idoya Serrano Pejenaute

• euskara

  Sarrera eta helburuak. Mycoplasma pneumoniaek sortutako infekzio-epidemiak 3-7 urterik behin errepikatu ohi dira. Azken hilabeteetan, mundu mailan bakterio honengatiko infekzioen gorakada antzeman da, eta hala ohartarazi du Munduko Osasun Erakundeak (MOE). Gure inguruan ere igoera egon denaren pertzepziotik abiatuta, ikerketa honen helburua Goierri-Urola Garaiko Erakunde Sanitario Integratuan (ESI) 2023-2024 urteen artean izandako Mycoplasma pneumoniaeren infekzio-kopurua eta horien maneiua aztertzea da.

  Materiala eta metodoak. Goierri-Urola Garaiko ESIn 2023ko otsailetik 2024ko otsailera  Mycoplasma pneumoniaeren serologia positiboa izan zuten haurren eta nerabeen (<14 urte) historia klinikoen berrikuspenean oinarritutako atzera begirako azterketa deskriptiboa. Aldagai epidemiologiko, kliniko-analitiko eta terapeutikoak aztertu ziren.

  Emaitzak. Ikerketa aldian 36 infekzio erregistratu ziren, hilabeteak aurrera joan ahala etengabeko igoerarekin. Laginaren %62 gizonezkoak ziren eta adinaren mediana 7,89 urtekoa izan zen. Sintomarik ohikoenak sukarra (%88,9) eta eztula (%86,1) izan ziren, eta kasuen %44,4an klinika astebete baino gehiago luzatu zen. Haurren eta nerabeen herenak birikaz kanpoko klinika izan zuen, ohikoena exantema zela (%11,1). Hala ere, bestelako sintomak ere agertu ziren: astenia, proteinuria nefrotikoa, tripako mina... Proba osagarriei dagokienez, birika-ekografia haurren %69,4ri eta toraxeko erradiografia %75ari egin zitzaien, eta patroi atipikoa %22an antzeman zen. Pazienteen %91,7k antibiotikoa eta herenak tratamendu bronkozabaltzailea jaso zuen. Haurren %52,7 ospitaleratuta egon zen, eta horien %63,2k arnas-euskarria behar izan zuen. Ez zen Zainketa Intentsiboen Unitatean (ZIU) ospitalizaziorik egon.

  Ondorioak. Mycoplasma pneumoniaeren infekzio-kopurua nabarmen igo zen gure inguruan 2023 eta 2024 urteen artean. Hortaz, bibliografian deskribatutako ziklo epidemikoaren baitan egon gaitezkeela dirudi. Patogeno hau kontuan hartu beharrekoa da arnas-infekzioa luzatzen denean, baita birikaz kanpoko klinika agertzen denean ere.

• English

  Introduction and objectives. It is believed that epidemics of infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae occur in cycles of 3-7 years. In recent months, WHO has reported an increase in infections worldwide attributed to this bacterium. Due to the perception of an increase in our environment, the objective of this research is to analyze the epidemiology of infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and their management in Goierri-Urola Garaia between 2023 and 2024.

  Materials and methods. Descriptive, retrospective study, based on the review of clinical records of children and adolescents (<14 years) who tested positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae serology throughout February 2023 to February 2024 in Goierri-Urola Garaia. Demographic, clinical, analytical and therapeutic variables were examined.

  Results. During the study period, we recorded 36 cases, with a progressive increase in the last months. The 62% were male with a median age of 7.89 years. The most common symptoms were fever (88.9%) and cough (86.11%), with 44.4% experiencing symptoms for more than a week. One third of the children and adolescents had extrapulmonary clinical manifestations, and rash was the most common (11.1%). However, other symptoms also appeared (asthenia, nephrotic proteinuria, cold urticaria...). Regarding additional tests, pulmonary ultrasound was performed on 69.4% of children, and chest X-ray on 75%, with atypical pattern found in 22%. 91.7% received antibiotic treatment and one third received bronchodilator therapy. 52.7% of children were hospitalized, and 63.2% of them required respiratory support with oxygen therapy. There were no admissions to the ICU.

  Conclusions. The number of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections has significantly increased in our environment in the last year, suggesting that we may be within the described epidemiological cycle in the literature. It is important to consider this pathogen if respiratory infections are prolonged or extrapulmonary clinical manifestations appear.