Resumen de DESIGUALDADE REMUNERATÓRIA PARA MULHERES NEGRAS NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO FORMAL CEARENSE: ANÁLISE PRÉ E PÓS-PANDEMIA PARA 2018 E 2021/Pay inequality for black women in the formal labor market in Cearense: pre- and post-pandemic analysis for 2018 and 2021

Christiane Luci Bezerra Alves, Ana Leticia Alves de Sousa, Wendell Sousa Felipe da Costa

• español

  Este estudio busca, como objetivo central, el análisis comparativo de la discriminación salarial de las mujeres negras en el mercado laboral formal en Ceará, en los años 2018 y 2021, pre y post pandemia. Así, se utilizó el método de descomposición Oaxaca-Blinder, considerando dos grupos: mujeres negras -negras, pardas e indígenas-; y mujeres blancas: blancas y amarillas. Los resultados del estudio indican que en los dos años analizados, las mujeres blancas ganaron salarios/hora más altos que las mujeres negras en el mercado laboral formal de Ceará. Y este escenario se acentuó pospandemia, pues la diferencia entre salario/hora fue del 24,67%, en 2018, y aumentó al 25,28%, en 2021, a favor de las mujeres blancas. Además, hubo un cambio en las variables que más impactaron en la remuneración, siendo, en 2018, la educación y el grupo etario, y, en 2021, el régimen contractual pasó a ser el segundo factor junto con la educación, pero esto también mostró una reducción en el coeficiente. Este cambio puede estar asociado a la reforma laboral, de 2017, así como al impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19. Sin embargo, es importante resaltar que la discriminación racial tiene raíces históricas, promoviendo la desigualdad y la exclusión social hasta el día de hoy.

• English

  This study seeks, as a central objective, the comparative analysis of remuneration discrimination for black women in the formal job market in Ceará, in the years 2018 and 2021, pre and post pandemic. Thus, the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method was used, considering two groups: black women - black, brown and indigenous -; and white women - white and yellow. The results of the study indicate that in the two years analyzed, white women earned higher wages/hour than black women in the formal job market in Ceará. And this scenario was accentuated post-pandemic, as the difference between wages/hour was 24.67%, in 2018, and increased to 25.28%, in 2021, in favor of white women. Furthermore, there was a change in the variables that most impacted remuneration, in 2018, being education and age group, and, in 2021, the contractual regime became the second factor along with education, but this also showed a reduction in the coefficient. This change may be associated with the labor reform, in 2017, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is important to highlight that racial discrimination has historical roots, promoting inequality and social exclusion to this day.

• português

  Esse estudo busca, como objetivo central, a análise comparativa da discriminação remuneratória para mulheres negras no mercado de trabalho formal no Ceará, nos anos de 2018 e 2021, pré e pós pandemia. Dessa forma, utilizou-se como método a análise descritiva e a decomposição de Oaxaca-Blinder, considerando dois grupos: mulheres negras - pretas, pardas e indígenas -; e mulheres brancas - brancas e amarelas. Os resultados do estudo indicam que nos dois anos analisados, as mulheres brancas auferiram remuneração/hora superior às mulheres negras no mercado de trabalho formal cearense. E esse cenário se acentuou pós-pandemia, visto que a diferença entre as remunerações/hora era de 24,67%, em 2018, e aumentou para 25,28%, em 2021, a favor das mulheres brancas. Ademais, houve uma mudança nas variáveis que mais impactavam nas remunerações, sendo, em 2018, a escolaridade e a faixa etária, e, em 2021, o regime contratual passou a ser o segundo fator juntamente com a escolaridade, porém esse também apresentou redução no coeficiente. Essa mudança pode estar associada à reforma trabalhista, em 2017, como também ao impacto da pandemia da COVID-19. Entretanto, é importante destacar que a discriminação racial tem raízes históricas, promovendo a desigualdade e a exclusão social até os dias atuais.

    Abstract: This study seeks, as a central objective, the comparative analysis of remuneration discrimination for black women in the formal job market in Ceará, in the years 2018 and 2021, pre and post pandemic. Thus, the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method was used, considering two groups: black women - black, brown and indigenous -; and white women - white and yellow. The results of the study indicate that in the two years analyzed, white women earned higher wages/hour than black women in the formal job market in Ceará. And this scenario was accentuated post-pandemic, as the difference between wages/hour was 24.67%, in 2018, and increased to 25.28%, in 2021, in favor of white women. Furthermore, there was a change in the variables that most impacted remuneration, in 2018, being education and age group, and, in 2021, the contractual regime became the second factor along with education, but this also showed a reduction in the coefficient. This change may be associated with the labor reform, in 2017, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is important to highlight that racial discrimination has historical roots, promoting inequality and social exclusion to this day.