O teorizar Sobre Culturas:: Diálogos Necessários Entre Antropologia e Análise do Comportamento

• Autores: Felipe Bulzico da Silva, Diego Mansano Fernandes
• Localización: Acta comportamentalia: revista latina de análisis del comportamiento, ISSN 0188-8145, Vol. 32, Nº. 2, 2024, págs. 247-267
• Idioma: portugués
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Theorizing About Cultures: Necessary Dialogues Between Anthropology and Behavior Analysis
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • English

    In many of his writings, B. F. Skinner discussed about cultures, suggesting that cultural practices were selected in a third kind of selection of behavior by its consequences. However, in theorizing about cultures, B. F. Skinner was mainly under control of analogies with natural selection and behavioral selection, not empirical data. Since the first laboratory experiment on metacontingency, some behavior analysts have been trying to establish the empirical foundation of the thesis according to which cultural practices would be selected by a third kind of behavioral selection by consequences, and some approximations with Anthropology have been suggested through the use of expressions like Behavioral Analysis of Culture, Culturo-Behavioral Science, microcultures of laboratory and so on. By means of an incursion to the anthropological literature, this article aims to raise questions regarding the way of theorizing about cultures in the laboratorial tradition of the Behavioral Analysis of Culture. In this sense, firstly We will outline the historical context which leads to the constitution of ethnography as a fundamental step in the production of anthropological knowledge. Secondly, We will discuss the premises upon which ethnography stands by and makes it so important in Anthropology, namely: that ethnographic researches must be conducted with what we would call alterity; that ethnographic researches must be a mean to reach the proper logic of the social group with whom the researcher works; and, finally, that cultures are not reducible or cuttable. Afterwards, We will speak of the intrinsic relationships between ethnography, ethnology, and Anthropology, three steps of the same research. Finally, based on the premises upon which ethnography stands by, We will demonstrate how far the strategy of research – and the concept of culture implied on it – employed in the laboratorial tradition of the Behavioral Analysis of Culture is from Anthropology. Based on those differences, We will also suggest that these laboratorial studies would be more appropriately framed into the scope of the Experimental Social Psychology, being recommendable, therefore, to abandon a language with anthropological connotations in this tradition. In this sense, yet with different interests and goals, behavioral analysts of culture and social scientists could keep in touch with one another more efficiently, with contributions to both sciences

  • português

    Este artigo tem por objetivo gerar problematizações referentes à forma de se teorizar sobre cultura na tradição de pesquisas laboratoriais da Análise Comportamental da Cultura a partir de contribuições da Antropologia. Para que esse objetivo seja concretizado, o artigo se divide em duas partes. Na primeira, é realizada uma incursão à disciplina antropológica. Mais especificamente, é apresentado o contexto histórico de constituição da etnografia como um passo fundamental na produção do conhecimento antropológico. Depois, são aludidas as premissas sobre as quais se sustenta a etnografia e que a tornam tão importante na Antropologia. Finalmente, são abordadas as relações entre etnografia, etnologia e Antropologia, fases de uma mesma pesquisa. Na segunda parte, realizam-se comparações entre as características gerais das bases empíricas da Antropologia e as características gerais das bases empíricas da tradição laboratorial da Análise Comportamental da Cultura, de maneira a salientar diferenças entre umas e outras. Em seguida, são suscitadas problematizações quanto à forma de se teorizar sobre cultura na tradição laboratorial da Análise Comportamental da Cultura. Incidentalmente, espera-se que este artigo, por meio do sempre salutar exercício da interdisciplinaridade, possa contribuir para o fortalecimento da Análise Comportamental da Cultura de modo geral, discutindo possíveis limites e possibilidades da área.