What’s new about the tumor microenvironment of urothelial carcinoma?
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João Queirós Coelho [1] ; Maria João Ramos [1] ; Ridhi Ranchor [1] ; Rita Pichel [1] ; Laura Guerra [1] ; Hugo Miranda [1] ; Joana Simões [1] ; Sérgio Xavier Azevedo [1] ; Joana Febra [1] ; António Araújo [1]
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[1] Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
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- Localización: Clinical & translational oncology, ISSN 1699-048X, Vol. 26, Nº. 7, 2024, págs. 1549-1560
- Idioma: inglés
- Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
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Resumen
Urothelial carcinoma is a signifcant global health concern that accounts for a substantial part of cancer diagnoses and deaths worldwide. The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem composed of stromal cells, soluble factors, and altered extracellular matrix, that mutually interact in a highly immunomodulated environment, with a prominent role in tumor development, progression, and treatment resistance. This article reviews the current state of knowledge of the diferent cell populations that compose the tumor microenvironment of urothelial carcinoma, its main functions, and distinct interactions with other cellular and non-cellular components, molecular alterations and aberrant signaling pathways already identifed. It also focuses on the clinical implications of these fndings, and its potential to translate into improved quality of life and overall survival. Determining new targets or defning prognostic signatures for urothelial carcinoma is an ongoing challenge that could be accelerated through a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment.
