Resumen de Determinantes sociales, prácticas de alimentación y consecuencias nutricionales del parasitismo intestinal en niños de 7 a 18 meses de edad en Guapi, Cauca.
Beatriz Eugenia Alvarado, Luis Reinel Vásquez Arteaga
- español
Introducción. Los estudios de parasitismo intestinal en menores de 2 años raramente se realizan. Sus consecuencias nutricionales y la factibilidad de la prevención justifican su estudio. Objetivos. Identificar la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales patógenos, sus asociaciones con los determinantes sociales y las prácticas de alimentación y sus efectos sobre el estado nutricional. Materiales y métodos. Se censó a los niños menores de 18 meses de una comunidad urbana de la región Pacífica colombiana. Se obtuvieron 136 muestras, que representaban 62% de la población de menores de 18 meses en el área de estudio. Se identificó la presencia de parásitos intestinales patógenos a partir del examen directo y el concentrado de Ritchie-Frick modificado. Se utilizaron regresiones logísticas múltiples para predecir la presencia de parásitos intestinales patógenos. Se calcularon los puntajes Z de longitud para edad (£2 DE, desnutrición crónica) y peso para longitud (£2 DE, desnutrición aguda). Se realizaron análisis de covarianza para determinar la relación entre los parásitos intestinales patógenos y el estado nutricional con ajustes por edad. Resultados. El 30,6% de los niños estaban infectados: 26,2% presentaba helmintiasis (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercolaris); 14,9% tenía protozoos (Giardia lamblia), y 11,8% poliparasitismo intestinal. La prevalencia de desnutrición aguda y crónica fue de 2,9% y 12,5%, respectivamente. La ausencia de sanitario y una baja escolaridad de la madre se asociaron a una mayor presencia de poliparasitismo y helmintiasis (p
- English
Introduction. Studies on intestinal intestinal parasitism in children under 2 years of age have rarely been performed. The nutritional consequences and feasibility of parasite prevention justify the current study.Objectives. The study was undertaken with 3 goals: (1) to identify the prevalence of pathogenic intestinal parasites (PIP), (2) to determine the social factors, sanitary conditions and nutritional practices that predict PIP, and (3) to evaluate PIP effects on infant nutritional status.Materials And Methods. All mothers with children under 18 months of age and living in an urban community of coastal Colombia were invited to participate in the PIP study. A fecal sample was obtained from each of 136 children; they represented 62% of the total 7-18 month-old population in the community. Presence of intestinal parasites was identified by direct microscopy and confirmed by a concentration test (Ritchie-Frick procedure). Logistic regressions were used to predict presence of PIP. The Z scores of length-for-age (< -2 SD-chronic malnutrition) and weight-for-length (< -2 SD-acute malnutrition) and covariance analysis were done to detect associations between intestinal parasitism and nutritional status.Results. Of the 136 children, 30.6% were infected; 26.2% had helminth infections (A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, S. stercoralis), 14.9% had protozoan infections (G. lamblia) and 11.8% had mixed infections. Wasting and stunting were present in 2.9% and 12.5%, respectively. Lack of sanitary toilet facilities and low maternal education were related to mixed infections and presence of helminths (p < 0.05). Weaned children were at greater risk of mixed infections (Odds Ratio (OR) 6.5; 90% CI: 1.9-21.5) and of G. lamblia infections (OR: 2.89; 90% CI: 1.0-8.34). Children infected with T. trichiura and with mixed infections were more likely to show wasting (p < 0.05).Conclusion. The high infections in young children indicate that they be included in periodic antiparasitic chemotherapy. Burden of disease associated to intestinal parasitism may be reduced if breastfeeding is continued beyond 6 months of age.
