The measure shocked Cardinal Richelieu and Pope Paul V because the expelled Moriscos were baptized Catholics. The term Morisco is often defined as new converts from Islam to Christianity and their descendants. [...]they themselves did not convert to Catholicism in their lifetime; their parents, grandparents, or great grandparents had already converted (this is to say nothing about what their ancestors believed, just that legally and nominally they were Christians). Marquez Villanueva reminds us that the Morisco is essentially a modern figure; the term was only applied after the Muslims had begun to be forced to convert to Catholicism, which did not start until 1499.4 Prior to the forced conversions, Muslims who lived under Christian rule on Christian lands and continued to practice Islam were known as "mudejares," which did not indicate a conversion to Catholicism.
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