Resumen de Parasitosis intestinal, anemia y rendimiento escolar: Intestinal parasitosis, anemia and school perfomance

Jhony A. de La Cruz Vargas, Erick J. Wetzel, Jorge Cárdenas Callirgos, Stephanie Velasquez Vila, Lucy E. Correa López

• español

  Introducción: La anemia en niños es un problema de salud pública en el Perú y en el mundo. Los niños son particularmente vulnerables a la anemia, por su elevada velocidad de crecimiento y altos requerimientos de hierro, presencia de parásitos, bajo peso al nacer y episodios frecuentes de infecciones diarreicas. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar los factores asociados a parasitosis gastrointestinal, anemia y desempeño escolar en niños del nivel primario de dos colegios de Pamplona Alta. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, analítico y transversal, con un muestreo probabilístico de tipo aleatorio simple, de estudiantes 1°-6° grado de primaria de dos colegios de Pamplona Alta, Lima, Perú. Se aplicó una encuesta previo consentimiento informado de los padres de familia, se tomaron medidas antropométricas de los niños, muestras de sangre capilar, así como muestras de coproparasitológico directo y test de Graham. Se eligió el promedio general del último trimestre así como el promedio final de matemáticas del último trimestre como indicadores del rendimiento escolar. Resultados: Un total de 109 niños fueron incluidos.Mediante examen directo de muestras de heces y el test de Graham se diagnosticó tres tipos de enteroparásitospatógenos: Entamoeba coli (6.54%), Giardia lamblia (10.28%) y Enterobius vermicularis (7.62%). Esto corresponde a una prevalencia global de 24.44%. Se observó además un 25.93% de anemia en la población en estudio. Hallamos asociación significativa entre anemia <12 g/dl y rendimiento global (OR: 4.09 p= 0,047 IC95%=1. 01- 20,591), anemia <11.5 y rendimiento global (0R: 5.60 IC95%: 1.19 – 27.14 p: 0.01) , y el tener mascota y aprobación en matemáticas (OR: 2.55 p=0.041 IC 95%= 1.026 - 6.374). Conclusión: Uno de cada 4 niños presento anemia y parasitosis, la anemia estuvo asociada significativamente a mal rendimiento escolar. El tener mascota se asoció significativamente a aprobación en matemáticas. Futuros estudios son necesarios para confirmar y ampliar nuestros resultados.

  DOI 10.25176/RFMH.v18.n4.1728

• English

  Introduction: Anemia in children is a public health problem in Peru and in the world. Children are particularly vulnerable to anemia, because of their high growth rate and high iron requirements, presence of parasites, low birth weight and frequent episodes of diarrheal infections. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitosis, anemia and school performance in children of the primary level of two schools in Pamplona Alta.Introduction: Anemia in children is a public health problem in Peru and in the world. Children are particularly vulnerable to anemia, because of their high growth rate and high iron requirements, presence of parasites, low birth weight and frequent episodes of diarrheal infections. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitosis, anemia and school performance in children of the primary level of two schools in Pamplona Alta. Methods: A quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out, with a simple random probabilistic sampling of 1st-6th grade students from two schools in Pamplona Alta, Lima, Peru. A survey was applied after informed consent of the parents, anthropometric measurements of the children were taken, capillary blood samples, as well as direct coproparasitological samples and Graham's test. The general average of the last trimester was chosen as well as the final math average of the last quarter as indicators of school performance. Results: A total of 109 children were included. By direct examination of stool samples and the Graham test, three types of enteroparasitic pathogens were diagnosed: Entamoeba coli (6.54%), Giardia lamblia (10.28%) and Enterobius vermicularis (7.62%). This corresponds to a global prevalence of 24.44%. A 25.93% anemia was also observed in the study population. We found a significant association between anemia <12 g / dl and overall performance (OR: 4.09 p = 0.047 IC95% = 1.01-20.591), anemia <11.5 and overall performance (OR: 5.60 IC95%: 1.19 - 27.14 p: 0.01) , and having a pet and approval in mathematics (OR: 2.55 p = 0.041 IC 95% = 1.026 - 6.374). Conclusion: One in every 4 children presented anemia and parasitosis, the anemia wassignificantly associated with poor school performance. Having a pet was significantly associated with passing in math. Future studies are necessary to confirm and extend our results.

      DOI 10.25176/RFMH.v18.n4.1728