Resumen de Impacto de la Occidentalización sobre factores de riesgo cardiovascular en inmigrantes asiáticos residentes en el Norte Grande de Chile

María Virginia Araya A, Hargoon Samtani, Ma. Soledad Ferrada T, Pablo Vargas M., Rodrigo Araya R., Ana Gómez V, Ma. Angélica Arrieta A, Carlos Ureta V

• español

  Antecedentes: Existen pocos estudios clínicos que muestren la relación entre la migración de poblaciones y el aumento en enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Comparar factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) entre colonias chinas (CHI) e indias (IND) residentes en Chile. Metodología: Estudio analítico-descríptivo, transversal. Se analizó a la colonia china (n=43) e india (n=41), incluyendo a los residentes en Chile por más de dos años. Se midió: peso, talla, perímetro de cintura (PC), índice de masa corporal (IMC), presión arterial, sedentarismo, hábitos alimentarios, trastornos depresivo y ansiosos, y adicción al tabaco, además de examen psiquiátrico según DMS-IV. Se midieron niveles plasmáticos de triglicérídos, colesterol, hormonas tiroideas, glicemia en ayunas y post-prandial, insulinemia basal y post-sobrecarga de glucosa. Análisis Estadístico: T de student, Chi cuadrado. Resultados: Encontramos un peso promedio de 71 ± 10 en IND v/s 66 ± 14 kg en CHI, PC 89 ± 11 v/s 79 ± 12 cm, IMC 27 ± 4 v/s 24 ±4, colesterol total 201 ± 41 v/s 180 ± 35 mg/dl, colesterol HDL 43 ± 11 v/s 48 ± 13 mg/dl, Colesterol LDL 125 ± 33 v/s 107 ± 29 mg/dl, TSH 7.3 ± 6 v/s 1.8 ± 1.2 uUI/ml, Insulinemia post-prandial 93 ±89 v/s 39 ± 34 Ul/ml, respectivamente, además de sedentarismo 11 en IND v/s 2 en CHI, hábitos alimentarios sanos 26 v/s 39, beber problema 20 v/s 34, adicción al tabaco 8 v/s 17, Síndrome Metabólico 14 v/s 6, siendo todas estas diferencias significativas. En ambos grupos no se encontraron trastornos depresivos ni ansiosos. Conclusiones: Encontramos un serio impacto del fenómeno migratorio en FRCV de IND, lo que impulsa a fomentar cambios en estilos de vida de esa población. Es notable la ausencia de patologías depresivas y ansiosas en ambos grupos.

• English

  Background: few clinical studies show a relation between migration and an increase prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Aim: to study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including the metabolic syndrome, in Indian and Chinese natives living in Chile for more than 2 years. Methods: Subjects from either Indian or Chinese origin living in Chile for more than 2 years were evaluated for the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. Wight, height, girth index, body mass index, blood pressure, degree of sedentarism, type of foods and pattern of eating and smoking habits were determined. Plasma lipid, thyroid hormone, fasting and post glucose load (75g) sugar and insulin levels were determined. DSM IV was used to evaluate subjects for the presence of depression or anxiety. Students t test and chi square tests at and alpha level of 5% were used to determine statistical significance, as appropriate. Results: Significant differences between the Indian and Chinese groups were, respectively: weight (71.4 vs 66.5, p<0.04); girth index (89.1 vs 79.2, p<0.002); BMI (26.9 vs 23.9 p<0.002); total cholesterol (201.6 vs 180.1 (p<0.05); HDL cholesterol (43.4 vs 47.9, p<0.04); LDL cholesterol (125 vs 107, p<0.004); TSH (7.3 vs 1.8, p<0.036); post glucose load insulin level (93.1 vs 39.1, p<0.002). A comparison of the Indian vs the Chinese group also showed relevant differences in presence of sedentarism (11% vs 2%, p<0.02); healthy eating habits (26 vs 39%, p<0.02); excessive alcohol consumption (20 vs 34%, p<0.03); tobacco addiction (8 vs 17%, p<0.046) and presence of metabolic syndrome (14 vs 6%, p<0.029). Psycho social problems like presence of depression or anxiety disorders were not detected in any group. Conclusion: The original Indian subjects had a high prevalence of several cardiovascular risk factors, making necessary the promotion of healthy life styles in that population. Of note was the absence of depression and anxiety disorders in both groups.