Estados Unidos
Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de enfermedades crónicas, comportamientos, y salud percibida en habitantes de la comunidad urbano-rural Xiloá de Nicaragua, 2022. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal entre abril-mayo del 2022. Se seleccionó una muestra representativa de 168 personas mayores de 40 años. Se recopiló información sobre variables sociodemográficas, hábitos alimenticios, y autopercepción de salud física y mental. Se evaluó presión arterial, índice de masa corporal, colesterol y glicemia en ayunas. Finalmente se comparó el estado de salud con la salud percibida auto-percibida. Resultados: Los participantes del estudio (168) presentaron una edad promedio de 52,9 años, predominantemente mujeres en un 60.7% (102/168), 52.9% (89/168) con educación incompleta o nula, 72.6% (122/168) con un número de hijos≥3, con un 19% (32/168) de autopercepción de salud excelente o muy bue-na, un 38% (64/168) de salud mental excelente o muy buena, y un 33.3% (56/168) que nunca acudió a un chequeo médico. A la evaluación, el 44.5% (75/168) presenta un IMC≥30, 35.3% (59/168) con triglicéridos elevados, 48.8% (82/168) con hipertensión arterial y más del 92% con valores normales de glicemia y colesterol. Al análisis bivariado, ser mujer, tener educación incompleta o ninguna, presentar un nivel más alto de IMC (≥30) y tener un bajo o ningún consumo de vegetales está relacionado con percibir una salud física o mental pobre (p<0,05) Conclusiones: cerca de la mitad presentaban una enfermedad crónica o autopercibían tener una salud pobre. La autopercepción de pobre salud física o mental está relacionada con ser mujer, presentar niveles altos de IMC, tener educación incompleta y un bajo o ningún consumo de vegetales. Estos hallazgos pretenden aportar información para establecer líneas de intervención para mejorar la salud en las comunidades urbano-rurales.
Objective: To determine the presence of chronic diseases, behaviors, and perceived health in inhabitants of the urban-rural community Xiloá de Nicaragua, 2022. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted between April-May 2022. A representative sample of 168 people over 40 years of age was selected. Infor-mation was collected on sociodemographic variables, dietary habits, and self-perception of physical and mental health. Blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol and fasting glycemia were evaluated. Finally, health status was compared with self-perceived health. Results: Study participants (168) had a mean age of 52.9 years, 60.7% (102/168) were predomi-nantly female, 52.9% (89/168) had incomplete or no education, 72.6% (122/168) had≥3 children, 19% (32/168) had a self-perceived excellent or very good health, 38% (64/168) had excellent or very good mental health, and 33.3% (56/168) had never attended a medical check-up. At evaluation, 44.5% (75/168) had a BMI≥30, 35.3% (59/168) had elevated triglycerides, 48.8% (82/168) had high blood pressure, and more than 92% had normal glycemia and choles-terol values. On bivariate analysis, being female, having incomplete or no education, having a higher BMI level (≥30) and having low or no vegetable consumption were related to perceiving poor physical or mental health (p<0.05) Conclusions: nearly half had a chronic disease or self-perceived poor health. Self-perceived poor physical or mental health was related to being female, having high BMI levels, having incomplete education and low or no vegetable consump-tion. These findings are intended to provide information to establish lines of intervention to improve health in urban-rural communities.
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