Customised implant design for the knee joint

• Autores: Orestis Tziovaras
• Localización: X Congreso Internacional de Ingeniería de Proyectos: Valencia, 13-15 Septiembre 2006. Actas / Asociación Española de Ingenieria de Proyectos (AEIPRO) (aut.), Universitat Politècnica de València (aut.), International Project Management Association (aut.), 2006, ISBN 84-9705-987-5, págs. 630-635
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen
  • español

    Ya existen implantes personalizados para casos como la reconstrucción facial o del cráneo.

    En el caso de las prótesis de rodilla, esta demostrado que la mayoría de los diseños existentes presentan un funcionamiento satisfactorio. Esta es la razón por la cual la investigación de nuevas tecnologías para la personalización de este tipo de implantes no se ha desarrollado ampliamente.

    Actualmente sólo se utiliza la personalización en casos de articulaciones con tamaños o deformaciones extremas debido a que ninguno de los diseños existentes funcionaria, aumentando así el coste y el tiempo necesario.

  • English

    this is not the case for joint replacement surgery like Total Knee Arthroplasty. Most of the designs that exist in the market have been proven to perform satisfactorily and hence little effort has been applied towards customisation technologies for this type of implants.

    There are cases though of extreme joint sizes or deformities where none of the existing designs is functional, cases where the use of customised implants is imperative. Money and time cost may be higher but the results are better. Technology advances can bring these costs down allowing for better implants to be designed in less time.

    Taking advantage of recent technology advances in different sectors (like medical imaging) the practice of designing customised implants could be applied in all cases. This will require the interaction of many existing technologies.

    Firstly, implant design can benefit from evolving medical imaging methods in terms of geometrical accuracy and studies on joint kinematics offered. As imaging becomes more detailed and accurate, better 3dimensional images of the joint and patient specific kinematics can be obtained.

    Parametrically designed –adaptive– implant models can use medical imaging data as input and adapt to it so as to provide the best-fit shape for each case.

    Automation of the image input, image processing, model adaptation and implant design can significantly reduce the time required.

    More elaborate and reliable simulation software for kinematics simulation, stress and fatigue analyses can give a better and faster insight on how the newly designed implant is going to work.

    Finally, rapid prototyping systems can provide medics with physical models of the implant to be used. After all that, the actual implant could be built using CAD/CAM systems. In such a way total customisation can be achieved in the implants sector.