Resumen de Variantes de hemoglobina en una población con impresión diagnóstica positiva para hemoglobinopatías en Colombia
Consuelo Romero Sánchez, Alberto Gómez Gutiérrez, Yurani Duarte, Constanza Amazo, Clara Manosalva, Lorena Chila Moreno, María Consuelo Casas Gómez, Ignacio Briceño Balcázar
Background: Oxygen transport is altered in hemoglobinopathies. Aim: To study the distribution of hemoglobinopathies in Andean subjects without African ancestry. Material and Methods: We analyzed blood samples of 1,407 subjects aged 18 to 59 years (58% females), living in the central Andean region of Colombia, referred to discard hemoglobinopathies. The frequency and type of hemoglobinopathy was established by capillary and agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: The frequency of hemoglobinopathies was 34.5% and higher among females. The structural variants found were: AS-heterozygous hemoglobin (8.1%), homozygous SS (3.7%), heterozygous SC (2.2%), AC heterozygotes (0.5%) and heterozygous AE (0.3%). Quantitative variants found were Hb A-Beta thalassemia (13.91%) and Hb H (0.06%), Beta-thalassemia heterozygotes C (0.88%), S-Beta thalassemia heterozygotes (6.07%) and compound heterozygous SC/Beta thalassemia (0.25%), with a persistence of fetal hemoglobin 0. Composite thalassemia was also found in 31%. All techniques showed good correlation and capillary electrophoresis demonstrated a greater detection of hemoglobin variants. Conclusions: The frequency of hemoglobin variants in the analyzed population was high, which is an important public health indicator. The most common hemoglobin variant was HbA/Increased structural Hb A2 and the mos frequent structural hemoglobinopathy was sickle cell trait. Capillary electrophoresis can discern any Hb variants present in the population.
