Fundamento: Aunque conocemos la epidemiología de la Enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) terminal en España, desconocemos la prevalencia de ERC leve y moderada en población general. Para estimularla son precisos estudios sobre población general, que incluyan también a no usuarios de los servicios sanitarios. En los estudios epidemiológicos el método empleado de estimación del filtrado renal puede modificar la prevalencia de ERC.
Métodos: Entre 1997-2000 realizamos un estudio epidemiológico transversal descriptivo multifásico poliestratificado sobre población general de 15-85 años, del área sanitaria oeste de Valladolid. Calculamos el aclaramiento de creatinina empleando diferentes métodos. Aplicamos los criterios de las guías K/DOQI.
Resultados: La ERC estadios 2 y 3 aumenta con la edad y es mayor en muje- res, esta tendencia aparece en edades medias y persiste en mayores de 65 años. Con el método de Cockcrotoft-Gault (CG), casi la mitad de las mujeres mayores de 65 años tienen una ERC estadio 3 frente a un tercio de los varones. Si aplicamos la fórmula abreviada del estudio Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) apenas existen diferencias por sexo, la prevalencia de ERC estadio 3 es similar, próxima al 8%, pero la prevalencia de ERC estadio 2 aumenta al 60%, frente al 36% con la fórmula de CG.
Comparados los hallazgos con los del Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, las estimaciones de ERC estadio 3 con el método de CG o mediante creatinuria esperada, coinciden relativamente, aunque la prevalencia de ERC estadio 2 es superior en mayores de 65 años. Si empleamos la fórmula MDRD las prevalencias se incrementan más del 20%.
Conclusiones: La prevalencia hallada de ERC estadios 2 y 3 está influenciada por el método de cálculo empleado. La prevalencia de ERC estadio 2 afecta al menos a un tercio y la ERC estadio 3 entre el 3,3 y el 8,5% de la población general.
Background: Although the epidemiology of subjects with end-stage renal disease is well-known in Spain, the prevalence of mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population is unknown. In order to measure this, it is necessary to carry out studies in the general population including those who are not health service patients. During epidemiology studies, the method of measuring glomerular filtration rate can change significantly the measurements of the prevalence of mild to moderate CKD.
Methods: Between 1997 and 2000, we performed a multi-phase descriptive polistratified epidemiological transversal study. The section of public chosen was between the ages of 15 and 85 living in the health area of western Valladolid (Spain). We calculated creatinine clearance using four methods: serum creatinine concentration, creatinine clearance using 24-hour urine samples adjusting the volume to the expected creatinuria with the Walser formulas, using the Cock-croft-Gault (CG) equation and applying the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study abbreviated formula. We classified the level of kidney function, according to the National Kidney Foundation - Dialysis Outcomes Initiative (NFK-DOQI) guidelines.
Results: The instances of stages 2 and 3 CKD rise with age and are more common in women than men. This tendency is apparent in middle age and persons of 65 and above. Using the CG method, almost half the old women had a stage 3 CKD as opposed to a third of the men. If the measurement is performed using the abbreviated MDRD study, there are very few differences between the sexes. The prevalence of stage 3 CKD is similar (around 8%) but the prevalence of stage 2 CKD rises to 60% as opposed to 36% calculated using the CG equation. After comparing the results obtained with those of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Study (see table VII), the measurements of stage 3 CKD using the CG formula or by means of expected creatininuria coincide relatively, although the prevalence of stage 2 CKD is higher in persons of 65 and over. If we use the abreviated MDRD study, the prevalences increase by more than 20%.
Conclusions: The prevalence of stages 2 and 3 CKD is clearly influenced by the method of calculation used. The prevalence of stage 2 CKD affects at least a third of the general population while those affected by stage 3 CKD are between 3.3% and 8.5%.
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