Resumen de Efeitos do Treino de Comunicação em Universitários com Transtorno do Espectro Autista

Nerúcia Andreza Resende Ferreira, Romariz da Silva Barros

• português

  Dificuldades de comunicação e interação social estão entre os critérios para o diag-nóstico do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Considerando que estas limita-ções contribuem para prejuízos sociais e acadêmicos, este estudo avaliou, em dois estudantes universitários com TEA, a efetividade de um treino de discriminação de estímulos sociais e de comunicação com propósito de favorecer a emissão de respostas verbais nas categorias: comunicar preferência, emitir opinião, fazer per-gunta, iniciar conversa e fazer troca de turno. No treino, foram implementados di-cas textuais e visuais, role-play com feedback positivo e corretivo. O delineamento experimental foi linha de base múltipla entre participantes com medições do efeito do treino em cada uma das categorias comportamentais. Os resultados mostraram aumento na frequência de respostas na maioria das categorias manejadas, com uma frequência oito vezes maior em troca de turno para um dos participantes. Esta in-tervenção contrasta com a tendência de pesquisas na área em que pares também são treinados para facilitar interações. As conclusões apontam para uma alternati-va viável para promover autonomia a estudantes com TEA em situações reais de ambiente de ensino, a partir da discriminação das contingências em vigor e de que respostas mais prováveis de serem positivamente reforçadas.

• English

  Communication and social interaction difficulties are among the criteria for the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The measures of ASD incidence worldwide have been increasing over the last decades. A great amount of effort has been done to advance basic and applied knowledge to face such socially relevant issues. Much of the research effort has been focused on early interventions in the development of verbal repertoire in children diagnosed with ASD. Nevertheless, there is a considerable population of teenagers and autistic adults requiring qua-lified attention to integrate themselves in higher education and job opportunities. Considering that verbal and social limitations greatly contribute to academic defi-cits in people diagnosed with ASD, more research concerning the development of such repertoire in applied context, such as college classrooms, is needed. This study evaluated, in two autistic university students, the effectiveness of a social stimuli discrimination training and communication skills training to promote the occur-rence of verbal responses in the following categories: preference communication, opinion statement, asking questions, starting a conversation, and intraverbal turns. A multiple baseline design among participants was implemented with measures of the training effect on each of several behavioral categories. The training procedure comprised role-play with positive and corrective feedback and the presentation of textual and visual cues. The results showed an increase in the frequency of most categories of trained responses, with an eightfold increase in intraverbal turns for one of the participants. The data also show the need to implement procedures to enhance performance maintenance. This intervention contrasts with the trend of research in the area where neurotypical pairs are also trained to establish interac-tions. The conclusions point to a viable alternative to promote autonomy in students with ASD in real situations in the teaching institutional environment, based on the discrimination of the ongoing reinforcement contingencies and acquisition of verbal responses that may be more likely to be positively reinforced. The simplicity of the procedure implemented and the behavioral gains observed encourage the continuity of the research line such towards the promotion of formal programs featuring eviden-ce-based procedures to assist college students diagnosed with ASD in Brazil