Factores de riesgo de artrosis de rodilla, cadera o ambas en mujeres chilenas de mediana edad: un estudio de cohorte de tres décadas

• Autores: Juan Enrique Blumel, Sócrates Aedo, Eugenio Arteaga, María S. Vallejo, Peter Chedraui
• Localización: Revista Médica de Chile, ISSN-e 0034-9887, Vol. 150, Nº. 1, 2022, págs. 46-53
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Risk factors for the development of osteoarthritis in middle-aged women
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• Resumen

  • Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a health problem affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Aim: To evaluate risk factors for hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) in women aged 40 to 59 years. Material and Methods: Analysis of a prospective cohort of 1159 women attending preventive health care programs and followed during 28 years. They underwent a clinical and laboratory evaluation from 1990 to 1993. The diagnosis of OA was retrieved from registries of a special program for osteoarthritis in 2020. Results: Twenty four percent of participants developed osteoarthritis during the follow-up. At the beginning of the study and compared with women without OA, they were older (median [interquartile range or IQR]: 49.6 [8.5] and 47.2 [8.2] years respectively), had a higher body mass index (26.3 [5.3] and 25.1 [5.3] respectively), and a higher frequency of jobs with low qualification (76 and 62% respectively). The presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, a previous history of alcohol or cigarette consumption, postmenopausal status and lipid and glucose blood levels did not differ between women with or without OA. Cox regression showed a final model that incorporates body mass index (hazard ratio (HR): 1.04; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.01-1.07), age (HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03-1.08) and having an unqualified job (HR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.43-2.47) as risk factors for OA. Conclusions: Obesity and the type of job are the most relevant risk factors found for OD: both may be modified with proper care.