Calibración de la ecuación de Hargreaves para el cálculo de la evapotranspiración del cultivo de referencia (ETo) en Salto, Uruguay.

• Autores: Pamela Texeira Soria, Alejandro Pannunzio, Javier Brenner
• Localización: Revista de Climatología, ISSN-e 1578-8768, Nº. 21, 2021, págs. 80-88
• Idioma: español
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• Resumen
  • español

    A nivel mundial la agricultura es el principal consumidor de agua con más del 70\% del uso, utilizándola con una eficiencia de alrededor del 40\%. La disminución del agua disponible para la agricultura requiere que se incremente la eficiencia de uso. Una forma de incrementar esta eficiencia es cuantificar de forma precisa las necesidades hídricas de los cultivos para una adecuada gestión del riego. Las necesidades hídricas pueden estimarse a partir del valor de evapotranspiración del cultivo de referencia (ETo).

  • English

    At the global level, agriculture is the main consumer of water with more than 70 % of the use, using it with an efficiency of around 40 %. The decrease in the water available for agriculture requires that the efficiency of use be increased. One way to increase this efficiency is to accurately quantify the water needs of crops for proper irrigation management. Water needs can be estimated from the reference crop evapotranspiration value (ETo). Among the existing methods for calculating ETo, the FAO 56 Penman Monteith equation (PM-FAO56) is the one recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). However, this equation requires a large amount of information that is often not available to the agricultural producer. There are other methods, such as the one proposed by Hargreaves, that require data that are more readily available. To contribute to water management, it is important to have equations that require little information to obtain accurate estimates of ETo. The general objective of this work is to calibrate the Hargreaves equation for the town of Salto, Uruguay. The methodology consisted of comparing the PM-FAO56 and Hargreaves-Samani methods, and calibrating the Hargreaves - Samani equation for a meteorological station by means of the Kt coefficient of the equation and the exponent, using the ETo obtained from PM as a reference value. -FAO56. A good correlation was found between the PM-FAO56 and Hargreaves methods. It is concluded that the Hargreaves model with the Kt coefficient modified to 0.15 and the exponent to 0.494 is an adequate methodology for the area of influence of the Salto - Uruguay meteorological station