Immune escape of bovine parvovirus by VP1 inhibiting IFN-β production through the RIG-I-like receptor pathway

• Gong Zhuandi ^[1] ; Yuan Zhaofang ^[1] ; Li Dianyu ^[1] ; Pei Mengyuan ^[1] ; Wei Suocheng ^[1]
  1. [1] Northwest Minzu University
• Localización: International microbiology: official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology, ISSN 1139-6709, Vol. 26, Nº. 4, 2023, págs. 757-764
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Objective The present study aimed to explore if bovine parvovirus (BPV) impacts beta interferon (IFN-β) production and to reveal further molecular mechanism of BPV immune escape.

    Method The pCMV-Myc-BPV-VP1 recombinant plasmid was verified with both double-enzyme digestion and sequence. HEK 293 T cells were transfected with this recombinant protein and then infected with the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Expression levels of IFN-β mRNA were detected using qPCR.

    Results The expression level of BPV VP1 mRNA in the pCMV-Myc-BPV-VP1 group was significantly higher than those of the untreated group (UT) and pCMV-Myc vector group. BPV virus copies in bovine turbinate (BT) cells of the BPV-VP1 group were raised (P < 0.05) with an increment of 5.8 × 104. Expression levels of IFN-β mRNA of the BPV VP1 group in HEK 293 T cells were decreased (P < 0.01). Following treatment of TBK1 and IRF3(5D), IFN-β expression levels in HEK 293 T cells were depressed. Additionally, expression levels of TBK1, IRF3(5D), MDA5, and MAVS were less than those of the flag empty vector, respectively.

    Conclusion pCMV-Myc-BPV-VP1 could heighten transcription levels of VP1 protein in BT cells, promote BPV proliferation, and ascend the production of IFN-β. Overexpression of pCMV-Myc-BPV-VP decreased IFN-β mRNA expression in HEK 293 T cells and inhibited IFN-β production induced by TBK1 and IRF3(5D). Furthermore, BPV VP1 obviously declined expression levels of TBK1, IRF3(5D), MDA5, and MAVS in the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) pathway. Our findings revealed a novel mechanism evolved by BPV VP1 to inhibit type I IFN production and provided a solid scientific basis into the immunosuppression of BPV.