Resumen de Violencia doméstica contra la mujer:: visión desde la adolescencia

Cristina Pintor Córdoba, Inmaculada Álvarez Navarro, Fátima María Berciano Martínez, María Elena Gatica Ortega, Julia de Haro Muñoz, Paula de Mora Muñoz, Olga Fernández Rodríguez

• español

  Objetivo. Conocer la opinión de los adolescentes escolarizados sobre la violencia de género.

  Diseño. Estudio descriptivo transversal mediante cuestionario anónimo, autocumplimentado.

  Emplazamiento. Marco comunitario. Atención Primaria.

  Participantes. Estudiantes de ESO y Bachiller de un Instituto Público.

  Mediciones y resultados. El cuestionario recoge conocimientos y opiniones sobre violencia doméstica. Contestaron 525. Edad media de 14,87 años (DE 1,96), hombres el 51,5%. Conocían algún caso de maltrato 21,4%. Consideraron la violencia doméstica como muy frecuente 79,8% (IC95% 76,0683,11) y como maltrato predominante el físico 55,9%. Consideraron con menor frecuencia maltrato: “control de la vestimenta” (28,3%), “romper objetos con valor sentimental” (35,8%) [Hombres 42,8% vs. mujeres 28,6% χ2 11,36; p<0,05] y “empujones” (60,9%) [67,8% hombres vs. 53,9%; χ2 12,30; p<0,01]. Para el 78,5% (IC95% 73,06-80,44) nunca estaría justifi cado (hombres 74,4% vs. 83,2% χ2 7,85; p<0,05). El 71,8% consideraba los hábitos tóxicos como la principal causa. Un 6,5% no creía que fuera delito. El 73,6% pensaba que la mujer continúa con el agresor “por miedo” y el 26,2% “por amor”, con diferencias según sexos (χ2 3,81; p=0.05). El 23,6% opinó que la prevención se basaría en reducir el paro y el 33,7% que no es prevenible.

  Conclusiones. Nuestros adolescentes presentan un grado aceptable de conocimientos sobre violencia doméstica, aunque precisen más información sobre determinados aspectos. Parece existir una mayor tolerancia de las chicas hacia la violencia. Es necesario introducir este tema en su formación desde diferentes ámbitos (incluido el sanitario) para modifi car y prevenir determinadas actitudes hacia este problema.

• English

  Objective. To know scholarized adolescents’ opinion of domestic violence.

  Design. Transversal descriptive study based on an autocomplete anonymous questionnaire.

  Setting. Community framework and in the context of the public health area.

  Participants. ESO and Bachiller students from a public secondary school.

  Measurements and results. The questionnaire included 17 items related to the knowledge and the opinion of domestic violence. It was given to 900 students, but only 525 answered it. The average age of the students was 14.87 years old (ED 1.96), 51.5% were male. 21.4% knew people who had been affected by domestic violence. 79.8% (IC95% 76.06-83.11) considered that domestic violence occurred very frequently, and 55.9% (regardless of sex) thought that domestic violence was occurring physically rather than mentally or sexually, e.g. The situations considered less frequently as domestic violence were: “control of clothes” (28.3%), “damaging objects with sentimental value” (35.8%) [42.8% men vs. 28.6%, χ2 11.36, p<0.05] and “pushing” (60.9%) [67.8% men vs. 53.9%, χ2 12.30, p<0.01]. 78.5% were the opinion that domestic violence would never be justifi ed (74.4% men vs. 83.2%, χ2 7.85, p<0.05). 71.8% thought that toxicological problems would be the main reason for domestic violence. 6.5% did not believe that domestic violence was a crime. 73.6% thought victims go on living with the aggressor because of “fear”, followed by “not wanting to split up the family” (50.3%). 26% thought that they were still together because of “love”, but with differences in male and female opinion (χ2 3.81, p=0.05). 23.6% believed that the prevention of domestic violence would be related to decreasing unemployment, whereas 33.7% think domestic violence could not be prevented.

  Conclusions. The adolescents who took part in the research present an acceptable knowledge of domestic violence, although they may need more information about certain aspects such as some type of covert violence. It seems that girls are more tolerant towards domestic violence. We believe it is necessary to introduce this topic in their upbringing from different areas (e.g. the health system) in order to modify and prevent specifi c attitudes towards this problem.