Resumen de The Omicron wave in Mexico: vaccine protection against progression to severe Covid-19 in SARS-CoV-2-infected workers

Mauricio Hernández Avila, Waldo Ivan Vieyra Romero, Héctor Osiris Gutiérrez Díaz, Rodrigo Zepeda Tello, Celia M. Alpuche Aranda, Juan Eugenio Hernández Avila, David Barros Sierra, Marcela Tamayo Ortiz, Celida Duque Molina, Tonatiuh Barrientos Gutiérrez, Martha Carnalla Cortés, Dwight Dyer Leal, Ruy López Ridaura, Hugo Lopez-Gatell Ramirez

• español

  Objetivo. Evaluar la protección de siete vacunas Covid-19 contra la progresión de la enfermedad (PE) utilizando datos de trabajadores del sector privado durante el pico de trans-misión Omicron del 2 de enero al 5 de marzo de 2022 en México. Material y métodos. Cohorte administrativa retrospectiva, analizando PE (hospitalización o muerte por enfermedad respiratoria) entre trabajadores que registraron una incapacidad temporal de trabajo por enfermedad respiratoria y fueron positivos a SARS-CoV-2. Se estimaron razones de riesgo (RRadj) mediante modelos de regresión de Poisson ajustados. Resultados. Los individuos vacunados tuvieron menor riesgo de hospitalización y muerte en comparación con los no vacunados. Los RRadj globales de hospitalización y muerte fueron 0.36 (IC95% 0.32,0.41) y 0.24 (0.17,0.33), respectivamente. Por vacuna, RRadj de hospitalización: Pfizer BioNTech 0.27 (IC95% 0.22,0.33), Moderna 0.29 (IC95% 0.15,0.57), Sinovac 0.32 (IC95% 0.25,0.41), AstraZeneca 0.39 (IC95% 0.34,0.46), Sputnik 0.39 (IC95% 0.28,0.53), CanSino 0.41 (IC95% 0.24,0.7), Janssen 0.53 (IC95% 0.39,0.72). RRadj de muerte: Pfizer BioNTech 0.12 (IC95% 0.07,0.19), Sputnik 0.15 (IC95% 0.06,0.38), Sinovac 0.29 (IC95% 0.16,0.53), AstraZeneca 0.30 (IC95% 0.20,0.44), CanSino 0.38 (IC95% 0.1,1.4), Janssen 0.50 (IC95% 0.26,0.97). Conclusión. Las vacunas Covid-19 redujeron significativamente el riesgo de enfermedad grave durante el pico de transmisión Omicron en México.

• English

  Objective. To assess the effectiveness of seven Covid-19 vaccines in preventing disease progression (DP) using data from national private sector workers during the Omicron wave in Mexico from January 2 to March 5, 2022. Materi-als and methods. This study employed an administrative retrospective cohort design, analyzing DP (hospitalization or death due to respiratory disease) among workers who filed a respiratory short-term disability claim and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Risk ratios (RRadj) were estimated using Pois-son regression models adjusted for various factors. Results.Vaccinated individuals had a lower risk of hospitalization and death compared with unvaccinated individuals. The overall RRadj for hospitalization and death were 0.36 (95%CI 0.32, 0.41) and 0.24 (0.17, 0.33), respectively. When evaluating vaccines individually, the RRadj for hospitalization were as follows Pfizer BioNTech 0.27 (95%CI 0.22, 0.33), Moderna 0.29 (95%CI 0.15, 0.57), Sinovac 0.32 (95%CI 0.25, 0.41), AstraZeneca 0.39 (95%CI 0.34, 0.46), Sputnik 0.39 (95%CI 0.28, 0.53), CanSino 0.41 (95%CI 0.24, 0.7), and Janssen 0.53 (95%CI 0.39, 0.72). The RRadj for death were as follows: Pfizer BioNTech 0.12 (95%CI 0.07, 0.19), Sputnik 0.15 (95%CI 0.06, 0.38), Sinovac 0.29 (95%CI 0.16, 0.53), AstraZeneca 0.30 (95%CI 0.20, 0.44), CanSino 0.38 (95%CI 0.1, 1.4), and Janssen 0.50 (95%CI 0.26, 0.97). Conclusion. Covid-19 vaccines significantly reduced the risk of severe disease during the Omicron wave in Mexico.