Mesenchymal stem cell-derived microRNAs: friends or foes of tumor cells?

• Carl Randall Harrell ^[3] ; Valentin Djonov ^[1] ; Vladislav Volarevic ^[2]
  1. [1] University of Bern

     University of Bern

     Bern/Berne/Berna, Suiza

     
  2. [2] University of Kragujevac

     University of Kragujevac

     Opština Kragujevac, Serbia

     
  3. [3] Regenerative Processing Plant, Palm Harbor, Florida, United States of America

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• Localización: Histology and histopathology: cellular and molecular biology, ISSN-e 1699-5848, ISSN 0213-3911, Vol. 38, Nº. 12, 2023, págs. 1373-1379
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-dependent biological effects in the tumor microenvironment mainly rely on the activity of MSC-sourced microRNAs (MSCmiRNAs) which modulate protein synthesis in target tumor cells, endothelial cells and tumor-infiltrated immune cells, regulating their phenotype and function.

    Several MSC-sourced miRNAs (miR-221, miR-23b, miR-21-5p, miR-222/223, miR-15a miR-424, miR-30b, miR-30c) possess tumor-promoting properties and are able to enhance viability, invasiveness and metastatic potential of malignant cells, induce proliferation and sprouting of tumor endothelial cells and suppress effector functions of cytotoxic tumor-infiltrated immune cells, crucially contributing to the rapid growth and progression of tumor tissue. On the contrary, MSCs also produce “anti-tumorigenic” miRNAs (miR-100, miR222-3p, miR-146b miR-302a, miR-338-5p, miR-100-5p and miR-1246) which suppress tumor growth and progression by: up-regulating expression of chemoresistance-related genes in tumor cells, by suppressing neo-angiogenesis and by inducing generation of tumorotoxic phenotypes in tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge about molecular mechanisms that are responsible for MSC-miRNA-dependent alterations of intracellular signaling in tumor and immune cells and we discuss different insights regarding the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived miRNAs in cancer treatment.