Resumen de Prevalencia de patología infantil dental y de la mucosa en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario

Montserrat Suárez Ardura, María José García-Pola Vallejo, Jose Manuel Cuervo Menéndez

• español

  La elevada prevalencia de la patología oral incentiva a conocer sus manifestaciones y el carácter urgente de las mismas, objetivo del presente estudio.

  Este estudio observacional retrospectivo analizó la patología oral de pacientes de edad <14 años que acudieron al Servicio de Urgencias de un hospital de nivel secundario. Las variables recogidas en un protocolo ad hoc fueron tratadas estadísticamente mediante el test chi cuadrado de Pearson.

  Se incluyeron 55 pacientes, de edad media 4,11±3,61. La distribución de las patologías fue la siguiente: patología mucosa (n=35; 61,63%), dentaria (n=12; 21,81%), y traumática (8;14,54%). Las infecciones de mucosa estuvieron asociadas a edad ≤6 años (p=0.001) y a fiebre (p=0.001). La patología dentaria se asoció a: >6años (p<0.001), patocronia >24 horas (p=0.028), inmunocomprometidos (p=0.036) y, con prescripción previa de antibióticos (p=0.004) y AINES (p=0.002).

  Estos hallazgos deberían de ser corroborados con un mayor tamaño muestral en aras de elaborar protocolos de actuación.

• English

  Background. The high prevalence of oral pathology in chil-dren encourages to gain further understanding on their man-ifestations and urgent nature, objective of the present studyMethodology. Cross-sectional study that included patients aged <14 years of age who attended an emergency depart-ment over a one-year period. The relationship between the variables collected and oral pathology was analyzed.Results. Fifty-five patients were included, 45.5% girls, mean age 4.11 years (10 days to 13 years). Overall, mucosal pathol-ogy (74.5%) prevailed over dental ones, and lesions of infec-tious origin (54.6%) over the traumatic ones (14.5%). Dental pathology (50% toothache and 35.7% infections) was signifi-cantly associated with being >6 years (66.7 vs 10%), pain (40.7 vs 10.7%) and absence of fever (37.9 vs 11.5%). Mucosal pa-thology (61% infections: 53.7% viral and 31.7% due to herpan-gina) was significantly associated with being ≤6 years (60 vs 6.7%) and having fever (76.9 vs 17.2%). Six traumatic lesions on the mucosa and two on the teeth were observed; signifi-cantly more patients attended the emergency room within 24 hours (median =1 hour) than in the case of infection (100 vs 51.7%). Being ≤6 years was significantly associated with fever, mucosal pathology, mucosal infection, and herpangina, and being >6 years was associated with pain, previous antibiotic treatment and at discharge, and previous NSAID regimen.Conclusions. The analyzed pediatric oral pathologies treat-ed in the emergency department are of mucosal and infec-tious origin. Dental disease prevail in children >6 years of age and mucosal lesions in those ≤6 years; no sex differenc-es are observed.