Planning for cooler cities in Ghana: Contribution of green infrastructure to urban heat mitigation in Kumasi Metropolis

Isaac Sarfo; Shuoben Bi; Xiuhua Xu; Emmanuel Yeboah; Clement Kwang; Michael Batame; Foster Kofi Addai; Umar Wakil Adamu; Emmanuella Aboagye Appea; Michael Atuahene Djan; Henry Bortey Otchwemah; Vanessa Elikem Kudoh; Floribert Vuguziga; Olumide Samuel Olowe; John Ernest Koku

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Planning for cooler cities in Ghana: Contribution of green infrastructure to urban heat mitigation in Kumasi Metropolis

Sarfo, Isaac ^[1] ; Bi, Shuoben ^[7] ; Xu, Xiuhua ^[8] ; Yeboah, Emmanuel ^[2] ; Kwang, Clement ^[3] ; Batame, Michael ^[4] ; Addai, Foster Kofi ^[3] ; Adamu, Umar Wakil ^[5] ; Appea, Emmanuella Aboagye ^[3] ; Djan, Michael Atuahene ^[5] ; Otchwemah, Henry Bortey ; Kudoh, Vanessa Elikem ^[3] ; Vuguziga, Floribert ^[2] ; Olowe, Olumide Samuel ^[6] ; Koku, John Ernest ^[9]
1. [1] Henan University
  
  Henan University
  
  China
2. [2] Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
  
  Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
  
  China
3. [3] University of Ghana
  
  University of Ghana
  
  Ghana
4. [4] University of Twente
  
  University of Twente
  
  Países Bajos
5. [5] New Mexico State University
  
  New Mexico State University
  
  Estados Unidos
6. [6] Purdue University
  
  Purdue University
  
  Township of Wabash, Estados Unidos
7. [7] Research Base for Scientific Cognition and Protection of Culture Heritage, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
8. [8] Computer and Data Engineering College, NingboTECH University, Qianhu South Road, 315100 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
9. [9] Department of Social Sciences, Central University, Miotso-Tema, Ghana
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Localización: Land use policy: The International Journal Covering All Aspects of Land Use, ISSN 0264-8377, ISSN-e 1873-5754, Nº. 133, 2023
Idioma: inglés
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Resumen
- This study investigates the spatial variability of some remote sensing indices representing built-up areas, vegetation, bareness, and urban heat island (UHI), based on time-series Landsat TM/ETM+ and OLI/TIRS datasets archived for 1980–2020 period from the US Geological Survey’s website for Kumasi Metropolitan Area in Ghana. Modules for Land Use Change Evaluation (MOLUSCE) and Cellular Automata Artificial Neural Network (CA-ANN) algorithms and simulations in QGIS were used to predict future changes (2020–2050) for land-use systems in Kumasi. Findings revealed urbanization/built-up areas (+108.02%) contributed massively to the decline of forest areas (−93.34%) and farmlands/shrubs (−31.53%), thereby making Kumasi lose its once critical green position as the “Garden City of West Africa.” UHI moderately and strongly correlated positively against built-up (R2=0.78, p < 0.0001) and bareness (R2=0.96, p < 0.0001) indices, respectively. By contrast, UHI showed a statistically significant inverse relationship with the vegetative index (R2=0.97, p < 0.0001). Future land-use scenarios revealed more forests, waterbodies, and farmlands/shrubs will be lost, influencing urban temperature and water supply. The multipurpose advantages of urban green space are ingrained in the grand urban model. Contextually, the Metropolis’s resilience has been hampered by inconsistency in the performance of institutional roles, competition for land ownership rights over green areas, and little investments or prioritization of green spaces. An integrated collaborative governance framework is proposed to unify actions, address power crisis and factors that influence governance of green infrastructure, UHI and land cover change.