In the quest for regional economic growth and sustainable development increasingly greater significance is being attributed to the need for a change of attitude towards what is referred to as the knowledge-based economy. Within this context, higher education plays a leading role through its support for the creationand development of technology-based firms (TBFs). Accordingly, in view of the importance that such firms have for the regions of the Basque Country and Aquitaine, the objective of this paper is to clarify the factors that underpin the success of university TBFs, and also to pool existing knowledge in each of theseregions. An additional aim is to remove the barriers between these two territories in order to increase potential cross-border activity. The settings chosen for the study are the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU—Basque Country) and the École Supérieure des Technologies Industrielles Avancées (ESTIA—Aquitaine),where an analysis has been made of the case of 20 firms through personal in-depth interviews conducted with entrepreneurs in different university TBFs
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