Aproximações conceituais entre análise comportamental da cultura e a Antropologia interpretativa

• Autores: Miguel Abdala, Yana Linhares, Hernando Borges Neves Filho, Camila Muchon de Melo
• Localización: Acta comportamentalia: revista latina de análisis del comportamiento, ISSN 0188-8145, Vol. 31, Nº. 3, 2023, págs. 505-524
• Idioma: portugués
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Conceptual approximations between cultural behavioral analysis and interpretive Anthropology
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    A palavra cultura possuiu diversas definições até se tornar objeto de estudo da An-tropologia no final do século XIX. Nos anos 1950, a Análise do Comportamento também se dedica ao estudo desse conceito, desenvolvendo-se em paralelo com as ciências sociais ou propondo aproximações com teorias divergentes. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão conceitual sobre cultura e questões correlatas para o antropólogo Clifford Geertz, com a aplicação do Procedimento de Interpretação Conceitual de Texto (PICT) na principal obra do autor “A Interpre-tação das Culturas”, para elencar categorias com aproximações com a Análise do Comportamento. Foram elas: conceito de cultura, símbolos e significados, método interpretativo, e papel da ciência. A concepção de cultura interpretativista apro-xima-se das noções comportamentalistas de cultura como variável ambiental. A caracterização de símbolos mostrou-se semelhante à concepção de equivalência de estímulos. O método interpretativo revela-se complementar ao uso de análises funcionais para estudar cultura. Finalmente, a concepção de ciência teve destaque nas duas vertentes como um método possível para ser aplicado no estudo da cultu-ra. Como pontos de diálogo constatou-se que a vertente comportamentalista pode contribuir com refinamentos metodológicos para o estudo de comportamentos dos indivíduos em grupo, e a Antropologia contribui com concepções teóricas mais refinadas sobre conceitos fundamentais para estudar os fenômenos sociais e cultu-ro-comportamentais.

  • English

    The word culture had several definitions until it became an object of study in an-thropology at the end of the 19th century. A variety of definitions have been deve-loped in this area, with new forms to work with the concept being produced up to the present day. These definitions vary according to the area of anthropology being worked on, for example, symbolic anthropology is an area that produced definitions and reflections about this concept, but even on symbolic anthropology, there are many sub areas that work differently. In the 1950s, Behavior Analysis was also de-dicated to the study of this concept, developing in parallel with the social sciences or proposing approaches with divergent theories. Many divergent definitions of culture can also be found in this area. In this sense, the objective of this study was to carry out a conceptual review on the concept culture and related issues for the sym-bolic anthropologist Clifford Geertz, applying the Conceptual Text Interpretation Procedure (PICT) in the author’s main work “The Interpretation of Cultures’’ to list categories with approximations with Behavior Analysis. They were: 1) concept of culture; 2) symbols and meanings; 3) interpretive method; and 4) role of science. The first is related with how culture is defined in this area. Second is about how the concept of symbols is defined. Third is how this approach collects the data. The last is how they understand how science may work in this field of cultural studies. The interpretivist concept of culture is similar to the behaviorist notions of culture as an environmental variable. The characterization of symbols was like the concept of stimulus equivalence. The interpretive method proves to be complementary to the use of functional analysis to study culture. Finally, science was highlighted in both aspects, as a possible method to be applied in the study of culture. As dialogue points, it was found that the behaviorist strand can contribute with methodological refinements to study the behavior of individuals in groups, and anthropology con-tributes with more refined theoretical conceptions about fundamental concepts to study social and cultural-behavioral phenomena. More studies should be carried out to assess the differences as well, since there are also gaps in these areas.