Comuna de Concepción, Chile
La dispersa y precaria reglamentación de la resolución por incumplimiento, sumada a la pretendida hegemonía que nuestra doctrina y jurisprudencia atribuyen al ejercicio judicial de la resolución, no armoniza con las actuales condiciones del tráfico jurídico. Los costos, falencias y discusiones asociados a dicho modelo, provocan que, lejos de dar tranquilidad al acreedor, sólo obtenga un pesar de incertidumbres mientras espera el resultado del juicio. Otras tantas desgracias sobrevienen acreedor que, creyendo reforzar su crédito estipulando una cláusula de resolución automática, descubre que sólo conculcó su derecho de opción, empeorando la tutela de su derecho de crédito. Por ello, en este trabajo se postularán algunas ideas encaminadas a admitir, en nuestro Código Civil, el modelo de resolución por declaración unilateral y recepticia (o por cuenta y riesgo del acreedor).
The disperse and precarious regulations of the termination due to breach, together with the alleged hegemony that our doctrine and precedent attribute to the judicial exercise of the resolution, are not compatible with the current state of legal transactions. In point of fact, far from reassuring the creditor, the costs, shortcomings and discussions associated to said approach actually cause the creditor to experience uncertainty whilst awaiting for the resolution of the trial. Another hardship experienced by the creditor occurs when attempting to build up the credit by stipulating a clause for an automatic termination of the contract, only to later find out that the right of option has been infringed, thus jeopardising the protection of the creditor’s credit claim. On the grounds of the hereby presented facts, this paper puts forward a few ideas which have the purpose of admitting the model of a resolution by means of a declaration that is unilateral in nature and requires communication and receipt to become effective (or at the creditor’s own risk and responsibility), into our Civil Code.
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