Hopf Bifurcation Analysis of a Predator–Prey Model with Prey Refuge and Fear Effect Under Non-diffusion and Diffusion

• Haisu Zhang ^[2] ; Haokun Qi ^[1]
  1. [1] Anshan Normal University

     Anshan Normal University

     China

     
  2. [2] Taishan College of Science and Technology (China)
• Localización: Qualitative theory of dynamical systems, ISSN 1575-5460, Vol. 22, Nº 4, 2023
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • In this paper, we propose a predator–prey model with prey refuge and fear effect under non-diffusion and diffusion. For the non-diffusion ODE model, we first analyze the existence and stability of equilibria. Then, the existence of transcritical bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation and limit cycle is discussed, respectively. We find that when the cost of minimum fear \eta is taken as the bifurcation parameter, it not only influence the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation but also alters its direction. For diffusion predator–prey model under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, we observe that the Turing instability does not occur, but the Hopf bifurcation will manifest near the interior equilibrium. By considering \eta as the bifurcation parameter, the direction and stability of spatially homogeneous periodic orbits are established. At last, the validity of the theoretical analysis are verified by a series of numerical simulations. The results indicate that prey refuge and fear effect play an key role in the stability of populations.