Resumen de Electronic properties of 2D materials and its heterostructures: a minimal review
An overview of two-dimensional (2D) materials electronic properties is presented, including research in multilayered heterostructures. Anemphasis is made on simple models that contain the representative physical features seen among 2D materials while presenting differentand important perspectives that have been ignored or overlooked in other reviews. Starting with a short section on the crystallographic and diffraction properties, the review continues with a discussion of the theoretical models needed to describe the electronic properties. A specialemphasis is made on the rise of the Dirac equation in terms of the electronic wavefunctions’ frustration due to the underlying triangularsymmetry of graphene. Then a new method to deal with such problems in other systems is presented. Also, a section concerning the lessknown graphene’s free-electron bands is presented, which is important to describe interactions with metals and liquids as water. These bandsare explained in terms of the electron interaction with its charge image, resulting in an effective Hydrogen model leading to a Rydbergseries. We also discuss the effects of the disorder, flexural modes, strain, and electromagnetic waves, using novel techniques developed incollaborations with other groups in Mexico. Using all of the previous techniques, other exotic matter phases are studied like Kekul ́e and Moiré patterns, flat bands, topological insulators, and time-dependent topological states. Finally, heterostructures made by stacking layers of 2D materials are studied. A special section is devoted to the latest discovered superconductivity of graphene over graphene at magic angles, including our latest reduction of the problem onto a simple 2×2 Hamiltonian, which describes the phenomena. Moreover, any other stackingof graphene layers like trilayer graphene, can be reduced using such method.
