Social and emotional loneliness among older people living in Nursing Homes in Spain: a cross-sectional study

Miriam Molas Tuneu; Javier Jerez Roig; Eduard Minobes Molina; Laura Coll Planas; Anna Escribà Salvans; Pau Farrés Godayol; Meltem Yildirim; Sandra Rierola Fochs; Ester Goutan Roura; Dyego Leandro Bezerra de Souza; Dawn A. Skelton; Jordi Naudó Molist

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Social and emotional loneliness among older people living in Nursing Homes in Spain: a cross-sectional study

Molas Tuneu, Miriam ^[2] ; Jerez Roig, Javier ^[2] ; Minobes Molina, Eduard ^[2] ; Coll Planas, Laura ^[2] ; Escribà Salvans, Anna ^[2] ; Farrés Godayol, Pau ^[2] ; Yildirim, Meltem ^[2] ; Rierola Fochs, Sandra ^[2] ; Goutan Roura, Ester ; Bezerra de Souza, Dyego Leandro ^[3] ; Skelton, Dawn A. ^[1] ; Naudó Molist, Jordi ^[4]
1. [1] Glasgow Caledonian University
  
  Glasgow Caledonian University
  
  Reino Unido
2. [2] Research group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain / Institute for Research and Innovation in Life Sciences and Health in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain
3. [3] Research group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O). Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare. Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS). University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain / Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Department of Collective Health, Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Natal, Brazil
4. [4] Institute for Research and Innovation in Life Sciences and Health in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain / Innovation in Mental Health and Social Wellbeing Research group (ISaMBEs). Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare. Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS). University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
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Localización: Anales de psicología, ISSN-e 1695-2294, ISSN 0212-9728, Vol. 39, Nº. 3, 2023, págs. 465-477
Idioma: inglés
Títulos paralelos:
- Soledad social y emocional en personas mayores que viven en resi-dencias geriátricas de España: un estudio transversal
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Resumen
- español
  La soledad, poco estudiada en las residencias de ancianos, puede afectar a la salud física y mental. Nuestro objetivo es analizar los factores asociados a la soledad global, social y emocional de un total de 65 residentes de 5 residencias de la Cataluña Central (España), y comprobar su prevalencia. La muestra estuvo formada por 81.5% mujeres con una edad media de 84±7.13 años. El estudio transversal incluyó a adultos mayores de 65 años y con estado cognitivo preservado. Se utilizó la Escala de Soledad de De Jong Gierveld para evaluar la soledad general y sus subtipos; y se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con la salud. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado (o de Fisher) y la regresión logística para el análisis bivariante y multivariante, respectivamente. La prevalencia de la soledad global fue del 70.7% (IC 95%: 58.2-81.4), la soledad social del 44.6% (IC 95%: 33.1-56.6) y la soledad emocional del 46.2% (IC 95%: 34.5-58.1). La soledad global se asoció con una menor calidad de vida percibida (Odds Ratio-OR = 5.52, IC 95%: 1.25-24.38) y las residencias concertadas (OR = 0.19, IC 95%: 0.05-0. 74); la soledad social con tener 0-1 hijos (OR = 0.25, IC 95%: 0.08-0.77), y la soledad emocional con la depresión (OR = 4.54, IC 95%: 1.28-16.08) y la incontinencia urinaria (UI) (OR = 4.65, IC 95%: 1.23-17.52). La soledad estuvo presente en casi el 71% de los residentes y se asoció con el tipo de residencia y la peor calidad de vida, la emocional con la depresión y la IU y la social con tener menos de 2 hijos.
- English
  Loneliness, little studied in Nursing Homes (NHs), can affect physical and mental health. We aimed to analyze the factors associated with overall, social, and emotional loneliness in 65 residents of 5 NHs from Central Catalonia (Spain), and to verify its prevalence. The sample consisted of 81.5% women with a mean age of 84±7.13 years. The cross-sectional study included older adults aged 65 or over and with preserved cognitive status. De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale was used to assess overall loneliness and its subtypes; and sociodemographic and health-related variables were collected. The chi-square (or Fisher’s) test and logistic regression were used for bivariate and multivariate analysis respectively. Prevalence of overall loneliness was 70.7% (95%CI:58.2-81.4), social loneliness 44.6% (95% CI: 33.1-56.6) and emotional loneliness 46.2% (95% CI: 34.5–58.1). Overall loneliness was associated with lower perceived quality of life (Odds Ratio-OR = 5.52, 95% CI:1.25-24.38) and NHs with state subsidized places (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: .05-.74); social loneliness with having 0-1 children (OR = .25, 95% CI: .08-.77), and emotional loneliness with depression (OR = 4.54, 95% CI: 1.28-16.08) and urinary incontinence (UI) (OR = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.23-17.52). Loneliness was present in almost 71% of residents and was associated with type of NH and poorer quality of life, the emotional with depression and UI and the social one with having less than 2 children.