The Author considers the vulnerability of the African Sahel region, due, amongst other reasons, to the presence of mineral reserves exploited by multinational companies, food crises, exploitation by transnational criminal organizations for trafficking of persons, migrants, arms and drugs towards Europe, groups connected with Al Qaeda.
The paper focuses particularly on the situation of Mali, which has not completely regained its ordinary functioning, despite the various initiatives taken in order to alleviate the effects of the crisis and to restore peace and security in the country and in the region.
The initial part of the paper contains a historical overview of the political facts which have led to the present crisis.
In the second part, the paper identifies the different initiatives taken to overcome the instability of the region by regional and sub-regional organizations, such as the African Union and the ECOWAS, and by international organizations.
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