Mejora de la eficiencia energética en las bombas de calor con apoyo solar

• Amancio Moreno-Rodríguez ^[1]
  1. [1] Dept. of Thermal Engineering and Fluid Mechanics. University Carlos III of Madrid
• Localización: Cities at risk: resiliencie and redundancy / coord. por Rufino Javier Hernández Minguillón, Víctor Araújo Corral, Raffaelina Loi, 2015, ISBN 978-84-9082-182-4, págs. 149-154
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Improvement of energy efficiency in solar assisted heat pump
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• Resumen

  • Due to the scarcity of energy resources thermal systems are sought which get the most out in exchange for a lower consumption. Improving efficiency and using new sources of energy are the aim of much of the current research. The growing interest in renewable energies and the proper enforcement of legislation is bringing about the appearance in the market of machines that try to take advantage of new technologies to harness solar radiation, wind and other energy sources that until now were not used. Heat pumps are thermal machines that transport heat from the outside atmosphere to the place to be heated, but they do not typically utilize solar radiation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the improvements in efficiency associated with the use of solar collectors as energy harvesting system from outside. To achieve this aim, the work combines mechanical compression technology with thermal solar collection. With the obtained results, we will be able to form conclusions which will help us to know the operating parameters based on external environmental variables, and its heavy reliance; for this reason the study of a specific location is essential if their behavior is to be known over a year, with the limitations of temperature, radiation and other atmospheric phenomena, such as snow, which determine the sizing and operating conditions: the power, the consumption and the efficiency. The coefficient of performance (COP) is the ratio between the transferred thermal power and the power that the machine must absorb, with this power, of the compressor, being susceptible to improvement. This consumed power is less, mainly, the smaller the difference between the condensation and the evaporation temperatures, between the outer and inner environments, respectively. The evaporator temperature is the characteristic that makes the difference between the machine in question and the conventional heat pumps. The equipment described uses solar collectors-evaporators that absorb solar radiation, a feature which will mark the development of the study. The outer environment conditions, such as temperature, radiation, humidity and wind, will be the ones that facilitate in a greater or lesser extent the energy exchange with the evaporator. When the collector-evaporators absorb solar radiation, the evaporation temperature can even exceed the outdoor temperature. This is because, with radiation, the temperature of the collector surface can be higher than the surrounding environment. If the evaporation temperature is higher, the difference between the condensation and evaporation temperatures is lower, and the compressor power will also be lower, consequently increasing the COP. The main experimental results that have been obtained and presented here are: At noon, the COP may increase by 25% in heating applications, or 50% in DHW applications (according to test conditions).