Resumen de Integración arquitectónica de colectores solares térmicos cerámicos para clima mediterráneo
Jordi Roviras Miñana, Vicente Sarrablo
This paper aims to demonstrate the architectural, technical and energy feasibility of Solar Thermal Collectors (STC) made with ceramic materials and appropriate to the Mediterranean climate. The importance of energy consumption in relation to environmental problems and the depletion of natural resources has increased considerably the energy capture by renewable sources. The solar energy is perhaps the most prominent and is under study in this research. The main aim of this work is to promote the application of solar thermal energy for domestic hot water (DHW) and heating in buildings in a coherent way with the climate and integrated in the skin of the buildings form (Façades and roofs). The paper will illustrates the state of knowledge of the existing Solar Thermal Collectors currently in the building market, and detected two important aspects: Conventional STC significant limitations in its architectural integration (façades and roofs), and their energy performance and their operating temperatures are not consistent with the most areas with temperate climates. The paper will illustrates the state of knowledge of the existing Solar Thermal Collectors (STC) currently in the building market, and detected two important aspects and the assumptions underlying this work: First, conventional systems of STC significant limitations in its architectural integration (façades and roofs), and second, their energy performance and their operating temperatures are not consistent with the with the most areas with temperate climates, specially the Mediterranean climate. Besides conventional and commercialized systems, discusses some experimental systems or under investigation (some patents too) noted for their clear intention to respond to the two aspects discussed. From previous evaluations we extracted the viability conditions (tecnical and architectonic) necessary for the new STC, we design a general model proposal contemplates that such requirements and some prototypes have been built in order to perform a laboratory tests. These tests have allowed us to study and define specific and technical parameters such as: the influence of ceramics in efficiency, the thickness of the trap infrared, the thickness of the inner chamber to circulate the heat transfer fluid and the configuration of the circuit, select the most suitable type of adhesive, verify the behavior of the ceramic panel by expansion tests, pressure and sealing and finally characterize the energy performance of the new ceramic collector. All this set of designs and tests, among other studies, have permitted to define a particular case proposal consists mainly the development of a ceramic envelope formed by solar collector panels with ceramic materials and glass cover with no collector ceramic panels without glass. At the same time, the definition of their respective construction system for façades is achieved that the envelope meets with dual functionality: constructive and energy. Thus, the new solar envelope is part of the building enclosure and is also able to capture the sun's energy and use it to heat water and/or heating. Of particular case have constructed a set of prototypes, sensors and no sensors, which subsequently is used for the construction of a prototype facade and perform a field trial, in order to verify the adequacy of structural and constructive system. The test results demonstrate the feasibility of the system in terms of structural and architectural construction. Furthermore, the collectors of the facade panels have been connected to prototype devices have validated experimental energy yields previously obtained in the laboratory.
