Resumen de Comparación entre consumo energético teórico y real en viviendas sociales
Pablo Hernández de la Cruz, Juan María Hidalgo Betanzos, Carlos García Gáfaro, Jon Fernández Luzuriaga, Iván Flores Abascal
From the analysis carried out over 300 social housing in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco, CAPV), a significant difference between predicted and measured energy use has been found. Two representative multi-family buildings were selected for the study. The first consists of 126 dwellings where heating and Domestic Hot Water (DHW) is provided by centralized boilers with solar thermal panels for DHW support. The second is a building of 228 dwellings in which each residence has an individual boiler for the production of heating and DHW. Both buildings use Natural Gas as main fuel. The Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) of the buildings indicate that the Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption (Consumo de Energía Primaria No Renovable, CEPNR) is 99,8 kWh/m²·y for the first building (D class) and 260,9 kWh/ m²·y for the second building (E class). The actual consumption of the buildings’ facilities used for the analysis were obtained from energy bills. The available energy use data was different for each case, in the first building equipped with centralized facilities the monthly energy consumptions for heating and DHW of each dwelling were available, in addition to the final energy consumption of Natural Gas at the centralized boilers. On the contrary, in the second building only the annual consumption of Natural Gas of each residence was available. Three level of analysis were conducted in order to compare the real consumption with the theoretical consumption indicated in the EPC: dwelling, housing block and building scale. The results of the study show that the measured consumption is considerably less than the predicted value of EPC, namely 62,3% lower in the building with individual boilers and 41,5% less in the building with centralized facilities. A very significant scattering was also found in the energy consumption of dwellings despite similar construction and occupation profiles. Two main reasons are proposed for these findings. On the one hand, the inefficient operation of the building with centralized energy production system. On the other hand, the user profile of these dwellings, which is characterized by a high rate of tenant rotations, the existence of energy poverty risk and a significant disagreement in relation to the perception of comfort
