CD4+CD25+CD127loFOXP3+ cell in food allergy: Does it predict anaphylaxis?

• Semiha Bahceci Erdem ^[1] ; Ferah Genel ^[2] ; Hikmet Tekin Nacaroglu ^[3] ; Sait Karaman ^[2] ; Canan Sule Unsal Karkıner ^[2] ; Murat Sürücü ^[2] ; Demet Can ^[2]
  1. [1] Çiğli Training and Research Hospital Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Izmir Bakırçay University, Izmir, Turkey
  2. [2] Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Dr Behcet Uz Children’s Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
  3. [3] Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey

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• Localización: Allergologia et immunopathologia: International journal for clinical and investigate allergology and clinical immunology, ISSN-e 1578-1267, ISSN 0301-0546, Vol. 51, Nº. 3, 2023, págs. 8-14
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Background: Food allergy (FA), hence the incidence of food anaphylaxis, is a public health problem that has increased in recent years. There are still no biomarkers for patients with FA to predict severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis.

    Objective: There is limited information on whether regulatory T (Treg) cell levels are a biomarker that predicts clinical severity in cases presenting with FA, and which patients are at a greater risk for anaphylaxis.

    Methods: A total of 70 children were included in the study: 25 who had IgE-mediated cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) and presented with non-anaphylactic symptoms (FA/A−), 16 who had IgE-mediated CMPA and presented with anaphylaxis (FA/A+) (a total of 41 FA cases), and a control group consisting of 29 children without FA. The study was conducted by performing CD4+CD25+CD127loFOXP3+ cell flow cytometric analysis during resting at least 2 weeks after the elimination diet to FA subjects.

    Results: When the FA group was compared with healthy control subjects, CD4+CD25+CD127loFOXP3+ cell rates were found to be significantly lower in the FA group (p < 0.001). When the FA/A− and FA/A+ groups and the control group were compared in terms of CD4+CD25+CD127loFOXP3+ cell ratios, they were significantly lower in the FA/A− and FA/A+ groups compared to the control group (p < 0.001).

    Conclusions: Although there was no significant difference between the FA/A+ group and the FA/A− group in terms of CD4+CD25+CD127loFOXP3+ cells, our study is important, as it is the first pediatric study we know to investigate whether CD4+CD25+CD127loFOXP3+ cells in FA predict anaphylaxis.