Resumen de Una aproximación a la tipología de las casas de pescadores de la costa vasca durante la Edad Moderna: Zeria etxea (Hondarribia, Gipuzkoa)

Aritz Díez Oronoz, Josu Narbarte Hernández, Ibon Telleria Julian, Josué Susperregi Lasalde

• español

  Frente a los numerosos trabajos realizados en torno al caserío, la arquitectura vernácula de las comunidades pesqueras del País Vasco ha sido hasta la fecha muy poco estudiada. Este artículo propone una primera aproximación a esta temática, planteando el primer estudio arquitectónico de una casa de pescadores del arrabal de la Magdalena (Hondarribia, Gipuzkoa), la casa Zeria. Mediante una combinación de fuentes documentales, cartográficas, fotográficas e iconográficas, así como el estudio de las estructuras conservadas y su contexto urbano, se ha podido reconstruir en detalle la historia de la casa y del arrabal, poniéndola en relación con los modos de vida de la comunidad marítima local y su relación con la villa. El estudio abre una línea de trabajo hasta ahora poco explorada en el País Vasco, que tiene sin embargo un gran potencial de investigación en esta y otras localidades del entorno.

• English

  The study of vernacular architecture in the Basque Country has been primarily focused on rural dwellings, baserria, as the main paradigm of constructive typologies in the region. In contrast, the study of maritime vernacular architecture has been barely explored. The present paper proposes a first approach to this question, by presenting the first architectural study of a fishermens’ house in the maritime suburb of Hondarribia (Gipuzkoa, Basque Country). Combining the study of historical documentary sources, cartography, photographs and iconographic records, the preserved architectural structures and their urban context, the history of the suburb and the fishermens’ houses has been reconstructed with a high degree of detail, permitting to correlate it with the general context of the local maritime community, their daily life and their relations with the walled city. The suburb of Madalena is documented since the late-15th century, placed on a strategic position between the Jaizkibel cliffs and the sandbanks of the Bidasoa estuary. The original settlement consisted of a line of houses aligned before the coastline, ampliated to a second line in the 17th century; in contrast, the 18th and early-19th centuries were marked by a prohibition of building new houses, which resulted in several enlargements and reconstructions. In this context, the house Zeria is placed in the southernmost sector of the second house line. The original typology of timber framing architecture can be dated in the second half of the 17th century, much of it still visible in the present-day structures. The analysis of this structure reveals its bounds with the vernacular architecture of the nearby French Basque coast, with some particularities related to the maritime vocation of the inhabitants in Hondarribia. Other houses of the Madalena suburb also show a similar structure in origin, but were later refurbished and ampliated. Hence, a new line of research is proposed around this kind of structures, which can be explored in this and other nearby contexts in the future.

• euskara

  Baserriaren inguruan egindako lan ugarien aldean, Euskal Herriko itsas komunitateen herri-arkitektura oso gutxi ikertu izan da orain arte.

  Lan honetan, gai horrekiko lehen hurbilketa bat proposatzen da, Madalenako errebaleko (Hondarribia, Gipuzkoa) arrantzale-etxe baten lehen azterketa arkitektonikoa aurkeztuz: Zeria etxearena. Iturri dokumentalak, kartografia, argazki eta ikonografia historikoak, kontserbatzen diren aztarna arkitektonikoak eta haien testuinguruaren azterketa uztartuz, etxearen zein errebalaren historia xehetasun handiz berreraiki ahal izan da, tokiko itsas komunitatearen bizimoduarekin eta hiribilduarekiko harremanekin loturak eginez. Hala, orain arte Euskal Herrian oso gutxi urratutako ikerketa-ildo bat irekitzeko aukera sortu da, herri honetan nahiz inguruko beste batzuetan emaitza adierazgarriak eman ditzakeena etorkizunean.