The rediscovery of two outstanding panels "di note e di fuochi" ("nocturnes, with fires", echoing Vasari's reference to such works by Savoldo) painted after 1575 by Antonio Campi with scenes from the "Passion of Christ", prompts a critical review of Campi as treated by Roberto Longhi in Quesiti caravaggeschi, his 1929 essay on the Lombard precursors of Caravaggio. This also allows for a reconsideration of the second work by the Campi in the Villa Pallavicino alle Torri in the Calciana, an area nestled between the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia and Cremona. In two rooms of the building, Giulio Campi and above all his brother Antonio painted two extraordinary cycles of secular frescoes with a markedly erotic and almost pornographic character. The Torre Pallavicina project is therefore essential for understanding Antonio Campi's new style as he evolved from unbridled protagonist of the most sophisticated and secular Mannerism to true champion of Counter Reformation devotional art, becoming the favourite painter of Carlo Borromeo, Archbishop of Milan.
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