Dietary Patterns and Ultra-Processed Foods Consumption in Modern and Traditional Populations in South Sulawesi: An Analysis of Nutritional Status and Body Composition

• Nurpudji Astuti Taslim ^[1] ; Aminuddin Aminuddin ^[1] ; Agussalim Bukhari ^[1] ; Andi Faradillah ^[1] ; A. Yasmin Syauki ^[1] ; Wanty Arruan ^[1] ; Nevi Dwi Handayani ^[1]
  1. [1] Hasanuddin University

     Hasanuddin University

     Indonesia

     
• Localización: Nutrición clínica y dietética hospitalaria, ISSN 0211-6057, Vol. 43, Nº. 1, 2023, págs. 90-98
• Idioma: inglés
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  • Backgrounds and aim: Dietary patterns play an impor-tant role in the emergence of non-communicable diseasessuch as obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Thisstudy aims to examine the impact of ultra-processed food onthe nutritional status and body composition of modern andtraditional population groups in Indonesia. Methods: The study has received ethical approval from theResearch Ethics Commission of the Faculty of Medicine,Hasanuddin University with ethics number No.633/UN4.6.4.5.31/PP36/2022. The inclusion criteria in this study in-cluded: people in the Makassar population > 50 years old.Exclusion criteria were (1) having chronic gastrointestinal dis-ease/chronic inflammation, (2) having Diabetes Mellitus, (3)consuming antibiotics in the last 3 months, (4) consuming pre-biotics/probiotics, (5) having income > IDR 3,400.000,-, (6)rarely (<1x/week) consumes UPF.About 100 samples weretaken from people over 50 years old, where 50 samples weretaken from both the modern group and the traditional group. Toevaluate the dietary pattern, the diet of the sampling personswas analyzed by using a semi-quantitative Food FrequencyQuestionnaire (SQ-FFQ), and a 24-hours food recall (FR) to ex-amine the food intake. Body Mass Index (BMI) and WaistCircumference (WC) were used to determine the nutritional sta-tus, while the body composition was assessed by Tanita BC 730. Results: According to the scatter plot, the higher the ultra-processed food energy consumed, the higher the BMI, WaistCircumference, and Fat Mass results, with the respective ef-fects of 18.4%, 35.3%, and 13.7%. From this study, it wasfound that there were significant differences (p<0.05) be-tween the traditional and modern groups in all variables ex-cept for height based on the independent t-test found no sig-nificant difference (p>0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, dietary patterns with higherconsumption of ultra-processed foods influence the increaseof body mass index, waist circumference, and fat mass.