Resumen de Tratamiento corticoide y variantes SARS-CoV-2: dos factores independientes de mortalidad por COVID-19 en un hospital comarcal

Juan Salas Jarque, Javier Moreno Díaz, Cristina Bustos Morell, Javier Pereira Boan, Antonio Durán Portella, Francisco Ruiz Montes, José Velilla Marco

• español

  Métodología. Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de pacientes COVID-19 en el Hospital General de Barbastro durante 2020 y 2021. Los datos se obtuvieron del Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos (CMBD), de registros de Microbiología y de prescripción electrónica de fármacos.

  Resultados. En el periodo de estudio ingresaron consecutivamente 908 pacientes por COVID-19 (mediana de 70 años, 57,2% varones), de los que 162 fallecieron (17,8%). Identificamos siete olas epidemiológicas sucesivas. Las variables significativamente asociadas a una mayor mortalidad fueron: edad, antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, insuficiencia renal crónica, demencia, EPOC, insuficiencia cardiaca, ictus previo, puntuación Charlson y la ola 2; la ola 4 se asoció a mayor supervivencia. En el análisis multivariante las variables asociadas a mayor mortalidad fueron: edad (OR=1,11; IC95%: 1,09-1,14), EPOC (OR=2,33; IC95%: 1,18-4,57), y las olas 2 (OR=2,57; IC95%: 1,10-6,00) y 3 (OR=2,94; IC95%: 1,17-7,38); el tratamiento con glucocorticoides actuó como factor protector (OR=0,29; IC95%: 0,14-0,62).

  Conclusiones. Este estudio confirma la utilidad terapéutica de los glucocorticoides para disminuir la mortalidad hospitalaria por COVID-19. La diferente mortalidad entre las distintas olas epidemiológicas sugiere un papel directo de las variantes virológicas como determinantes de la letalidad, independientemente de los antecedentes del paciente.

• English

  Background. Pandemic inter-wave hospital admissions and COVID-19-related mortality rates vary greatly. Some of the factors that may be playing part in this are the profile of the patients, viral variants, pharmacological treatments, or preventive measures. This work aimed to analyze the factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital during 2020-2021.

  Methods. Retrospective cohort study with COVID-19 patients admitted to Hospital de Barbastro (Spain) during 2020-2021. Data were collected from the Spanish Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos and microbiology and electronic prescription records.

  Results. During the study period, 908 patients were consecutively admitted for COVID-19 (median age 70 years, 57.2% males); 162 (17.8%) patients died. We identified seven successive epidemiological waves. The following variables significantly associated to higher mortality: age, arterial hypertension, chronic renal failure, dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, prior stroke, Charlson index, and wave 2; wave 4 was associated to greater survival. The multivariate analysis showed that age (OR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.09-1.14), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR=2.33; 95% CI: 1.18-4.57), wave 2 (OR=2.57; 95% CI: 1.10-6.00), and wave 3 (OR=2.94; 95% CI: 1.17-7.38) associated with higher mortality. Glucocorticoid treatment was the only protective factor (OR=0.29; 95%CI: 0.14-0.62).

  Conclusions. This study confirms the therapeutic utility of glucocorticoids to reduce in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19. Heterogeneous mortality rates between the different COVID-19 waves suggest a direct role of viral variants as determinants of lethality, regardless of the patient's history.