The paper focuses on the semantical notion of rigidity. Hitchcock’s film North by Northwest is used to argue for three theses: 1) Different sets of tokens of the same type of expression can refer in very different ways in approximately the same contexts of use, 2) reference is always determined by the referential intentions associated to tokens of some types of expressions and by certain mechanisms trying to stabilise some of the referential uses involving those tokens, and 3) neither rigidity concerning sets of tokens of certain types of expressions, nor rigidity concerning those types of expressions justify the introduction of modalities different from physical modalities and logical modalities
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