In this paper I will discuss a recent proposal by Frederick Kroon (2004, 2009). It belongs to a broad family of views, according to which sentences containing empty names do not even semantically express any proposition, but we use them, and pretend them to be true, in participating in games of make-believe. This is in a nutshell the proposal of Gareth Evans (1982) and Kendall Walton (1990). I will first discuss Kroon’s positive view and then I will turn to his criticism to what he calls ‘the Ellipsis Strategy’ to argue that his arguments are not successful.
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