Student Movement and Social Transition in Late Francoism in Galicia. Erga's Contribution to Nationalist Consciousness Raising, 1972-1981

• Martínez Garrido, Adrián ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidade de Vigo

     Universidade de Vigo

     Vigo, España

     
• Localización: Minius: Revista do Departamento de Historia, Arte e Xeografía, ISSN 1131-5989, Nº 27, 2022, págs. 133-173
• Idioma: inglés
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Student Movement and Social Transition in Late Francoism in Galicia. Erga’s Contribution to Nationalist Consciousness Raising, 1972-1981
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  • English

    Since the mid-1950s, there has been growing unrest between Spanish students and the regime. In the following decade, the Galician university saw a growing discordance translated into progressive politicization and distancing from Francoism. The atmosphere created in these spaces resulted in a process of social change and cultural and generational rupture. The assimilation of new values and concerns by a majority would translate into a mass movement. Having become a true political agent, his influence on society as a whole, accustoming it to new ideas and systems of thought, would be fundamental for the subsequent process of political transition. The inability of assimilation on the part of the regime produced a generational frustration at seeing the longing for freedom truncated, translating into a stance of frontal opposition. The youth broke with the regime making their further continuity impossible. Clandestine political organizations, international influences and the mass media were particularly important in the transmission of those values. The degree and breadth of acceptance of the new values would mark the different scales of adherence. The new identity would have one main element in common, the rejection of the established order. From 1970, intense politicization radicalized and atomized the movement. In Galicia, the new culture acquires particular characteristics due, to a large extent, to ERGA. Born in 1972, this organization will achieve the hegemony of the student movement from 1975, introducing a new scheme indebted to the struggles for national liberation that were taking place on the international scene. Galicia as a nation subjugated by the Spanish Imperialist State. Knowing the contribution of this organization in the assumption and projection of a political culture, with new ideological and cultural values, on society as a whole, at a stage in which the essential social transition for the transition from dictatorship to democracy was taking place, is the main objective of this article.

  • galego

    Dende mediada a década de 1950 asístese a un crecente malestar entre o estudantado español e o réxime. Na década seguinte, a universidade galega ve medrar unha discordancia traducida na progresiva politización e afastamento do franquismo. A atmosfera creada nestes espazos desembocou nun proceso de cambio social e de ruptura cultural e xeracional. A asimilación de novos valores e inquedanzas por unha maioría chegaría a traducirse nun movemento de masas. Convertido nun verdadeiro axente político, a súa influencia no conxunto da sociedade, habituándoa a novas ideas e sistemas de pensamento, resultaría fundamental para o posterior proceso de transición política. A incapacidade de asimilación por parte do réxime produciu unha frustración xeracional ao ver truncadas as ansias de liberdade, traducíndose nunha postura de frontal oposición. A xuventude rachou co réxime facendo imposible a súa ulterior continuidade. Na transmisión deses valores no ámbito estudantil tiveron especial relevancia as organizacións políticas e as obras literarias clandestinas, as influencias internacionais e os mass media. O grao e a amplitude de aceptación dos novos valores marcaría as diferentes escalas de adhesión. A nova identidade tería un elemento principal en común, o rexeitamento da orde establecida. A partir de 1970, a intensa politización radicalizou e atomizou o movemento. En Galicia, a nova cultura adquire uns caracteres particulares debido, en grande medida, a ERGA. Nada en 1972, esta organización logrará a hexemonía do movemento estudantil a partir de 1975, introducindo un novo esquema debedor das loitas pola liberación nacional que estaban a acontecer no panorama internacional: Galicia como nación asoballada polo Estado Imperialista Español. Coñecer a contribución desta organización na asunción e proxección dunha cultura política, con novos valores ideolóxicos e culturais, sobre o conxunto da sociedade, nunha etapa en que se estaba a producir a transición social imprescindible para o tránsito da ditadura á democracia, é o principal obxectivo do presente artigo.