The pro-tumorigenic responses in metastatic niches: an immunological perspective

• Mohammad Hossein Mirzapour ^[1] ; Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan ^[3] ; Sepideh Razi ^[3] ; Nima Rezaei ^[2]
  1. [1] Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

     Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

     Irán

     
  2. [2] Tehran University of Medical Sciences

     Tehran University of Medical Sciences

     Irán

     
  3. [3] Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

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• Localización: Clinical & translational oncology, ISSN 1699-048X, Vol. 25, Nº. 2 (February), 2023, págs. 333-344
• Idioma: inglés
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen

  • Metastasis is the leading cause of mortality related to cancer. In the course of metastasis, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, enter the circulation, extravasate at secondary sites, and colonize there. All of these steps are rate limiting and decrease the efficiency of metastasis. Prior to their arrival, tumor cells can modify the secondary sites. These favorable microenvironments increase the probability of successful dissemination and are referred to as pre-metastatic niches. Cancer cells use different mechanisms to induce and maintain these niches, among which immune cells play prominent roles. The immune system, including innate and adaptive, enhances recruitment, extravasation, and colonization of tumor cells at distant sites. In addition to immune cells, stromal cells can also contribute to forming pre-metastatic niches. This review summarizes the pro-metastatic responses conducted by immune cells and the assistance of stromal cells and endothelial cells in the induction of pre-metastatic niches.