A certain consensus exists in literature regarding human beings’ tendency for cooperation or self-management. Iñaki Gil de San Vicente refers, for example, to ancient Egypt, the Phoenicians, and Rome, and how manifestations of cooperative associations have existed since then.1 In mid-nineteenth-century Europe, the Rochdale Pioneers2 cooperative was founded with its “seven principles,” along with the attempts of Saint Simons, Owen, and Fourier to organize utopian societies largely founded on self-management.
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