From the very start of his life as a revolutionary, Lenin viewed cooperativism as a decisive solution for moving toward socialism. This conviction became stronger during the early years of the Bolshevik revolution, for two closely related reasons: the importance of cooperation for anthropogeny,1 and the potential of cooperativism to unite different social groups. Both reasons, which will be analyzed by this chapter, are based on two assumptions: first, the importance of the so-called “subjective factor” (awareness, culture, utopias, etc.) as a material force that motivates people, and, second, the value of socialist democracy for people’s power and building socialism.
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