Resumen de Clasificación de las zonas arqueológicas según su nivel de atracción
- español
El sistema turístico-espacial se compone de una región de origen, una ruta de tránsito y una región de destino. Las atracciones se encuentran en la región de destino y son las responsables de las movilidades intrarregionales de los visitantes. Las zonas arqueológicas son ejemplos de atracciones y representan para muchas regiones el principal eje de desarrollo económico. Sin embargo, han sido poco estudiadas desde el punto de vista de los atributos que favorecen o inhiben su visita. Tomando estadísticas oficiales de las 44 zonas arqueológicas abiertas al público en la península de Yucatán para identificar centros emisores y periferias receptoras, el presente artículo propone un modelo de atracción basado en dos atributos de las zonas arqueológicas: la accesibilidad y la monumentalidad. El modelo generó cuatro tipos de zonas arqueológicas: T1= turistificadas; T2= no monumentales de acceso rápido; T3= monumentales de acceso tardado y T4= no monumentales de acceso tardado. Los resultados confirman la teoría del decaimiento con la distancia (distance-decay) y tienen implicaciones para un manejo más sustentable de estos espacios culturales, así como para el desarrollo y comercialización de nuevas y mejores rutas turísticas.
- English
The tourism-space system is made up of a region of origin, a transit route and a region of destination. The attractions are located in the destination region and are responsible for the intra-regional mobility of visitors. Archaeological zones are examples of attractions and represent for many regions the main axis of economic development. However, they have been little studied from the point of view of the attributes that favor or inhibit your visit. The present study proposes an attraction model for archaeological zones based on two attributes: accessibility and monumentality. The first is understood as the distance-time between the archaeological zones and the tourist emitting poles (eg cities and beach resorts); and the second as the maximum height of buildings in an archaeological zone. Each attribute has three levels of values: low, medium, and high. To assign these values, in the case of accessibility, the literature was reviewed and official visitor statistics were mapped to the 44 archaeological zones open to the public in the Yucatan peninsula. Mapping these data allowed the identification of the visitor's emission poles and the relationships that these have with their peripheral archaeological zones. To determine the levels of monumentality, the literature was reviewed and the maximum and minimum heights of the archaeological zones of the Yucatan peninsula were taken into account. The crossing of these two attributes generated a classification of the archaeological zones into four types: T1 = touristized; T2 = non-monumental quick access; T3 = monumental delayed access and T4 = non-monumental delayed access. Type 1 zones represent the maximum level of attraction that an area can exert on visitors or tour operators because they meet the two main criteria: accessibility in maximum 3 hours from the issuing centers and a medium to high monumentality. Type 2 zones are zones that do not reach the high level of monumentality of type 1 zones but which are compensated for by their relatively close distance from the emitting poles (maximum 3 h). Type 3 areas are those areas that only meet the criteria of high monumentality but not accessibility since their access exceeds 3 hours from the issuing centers. These areas are not attractive to tour operators because despite having buildings with heights ranging from 12 to 45 m, they are too far away to be included in their routes or day-tours. Finally, type 4 zones groups all zones that have a low level in both attributes. They have low accessibility with a time exceeding 3 hours and their buildings are not perceived as monumental enough to offset the cost of the trip. They are generally found in rural regions far removed from urban or tourist centers and with poor access roads (eg narrow and dirt roads). Its level of isolation is such that it does not motivate investments in the tourism sector and the supply of lodging or food services in the vicinity is very scarce. The results of this study confirm the theory of decay with distance (distance-decay) and have implications for a more sustainable management of these cultural spaces, as well as for the development and commercialization of new and better tourist routes. The presented model allows prospecting which archaeological zones will be exceeded in the coming years and will be able to plan their proper management of impacts accordingly. In the same way, the model can help design and implement better tourist routes because it identifies the most and least visited regions of the Yucatan peninsula.
